- citati u SCIndeksu: 0
- citati u CrossRef-u:0
- citati u Google Scholaru:[
 ]
- posete u poslednjih 30 dana:2
- preuzimanja u poslednjih 30 dana:1
|
|
|
2012, vol. 38, br. 3, str. 277-286
|
|
Istraživanje ukupnog i raspoloživog prinosa žetvenih ostataka soje, 2011. i 2012.
Investigation of total and available yield of soybean residues, 2011 and 2012
Projekat: Razvoj novih sorti i poboljšanje tehnologija proizvodnje uljanih biljnih vrsta za različite namene (MPNTR - 31025)
Razvoj i unapređenje tehnologija za energetski efikasno korišćenje više formi poljoprivredne i šumske biomase na ekološki prihvatljiv način, uz mogućnost kogeneracije (MPNTR - 42011)
Sažetak
Sojina slama povoljna je kao izvor obnovljive energije u Vojvodini. Količina žetvenih ostataka, slame, koja je na raspolaganju, po hektaru, nije poznata. Prekomerno skidanje žetvenih ostataka soje može da izazove negativne posledice u pogledu plodnosti zemljišta, uklanjanje nutrijenata, organskog ugljenika u zemljištu, eolske erozije i sl. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi količina žetvenih ostataka soje, količine koje mogu da se uberu i ostatak nadzemnih žetvenih ostataka na polju. Prikupljeni su uzorci nadzemne mase, šest reprezentativnih sorti soje 2011. godine i pet 2012, sa tri lokacije u Vojvodini. Uzorci su podeljeni na sledeće delove biljke: zrno, stabljika, granje/lišće i mahune. Utvrđen je žetveni indeks, prinos i relativni prinos žetvenih ostataka. Za uobičajeni postupak ubiranja slame, presovanjem, ocenjena je količina žetvenih ostataka, koja može da se ubere. Prosečan žetveni indeks za sezonu 2011. bio je 0,47, dok je za 2012. bio niži i iznosio je 0,41. Razlika je, pre svega, posledica različitih agroklimatskih uslova i ekstremne suše u sezoni 2012. Procenat žetvenih ostataka, koji može da se ubere, je između 43 i 49% od ukupne biljne mase nadzemnih žetvenih ostataka. Nadzemna masa žetvenih ostataka može, u većini slučajeva, da osigura zaštitu od eolske erozije i doprinese očuvanju plodnosti zemljišta, biljnih hraniva i organskog ugljenika. Buduća istraživanja treba da kvantifikuju količinu hranljivih materija ubrane slame, kao i druge eventualne negativne uticaje na plodnost zemljišta. Dobijeni rezultati su pogodna podloga za određivanje maksimalne količine žetvenih ostataka soje, koja može da se ubere i na osnovu kojih može da se sprovodi održivo upravljanje tim ostatcima.
Abstract
Soybean straw is favorable renewable energy source in Vojvodina and the region of Pannonia plane. Amount of harvestable residues per hectare, straw, is not well known. An excessive offtake of soybean residues may cause negative impacts, regarding soil fertility, removal of nutrients, soil organic carbon, wind erosion etc. The objective of the investigation was to determine amount of soybean crop residues, harvestable and remained on the field. Samples of above-ground mass, six representative soybean varieties from three locations in Vojvodina, were collected during the season 2011 and 2012. The samples were divided into following plant parts: grain, stalks, branches/leaves and hulls. The harvest index, yield and relative yield of crop residues were determined. The common straw harvesting practice was considered. Average harvest index in season 2011 was 0.47, in 2012 was 0.41. The percentage of harvestable residues is between 43 and 49% of total. Residual above-ground biomass can, in most of cases, ensure protection of wind erosion. Future investigations should quantify uptake of nutrients by straw harvest, as well as other possible negative effects on soil fertility. The obtained results are suitable background for determination of maximal soybean residues offtake and creation of sustainable residues management.
|
|
|
|
Reference
|
|
|
*** (2004) ASABE S358. 2: Moisture measurement-forages. St. Joseph: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
|
|
|
*** (2008) ASABE s352. 2: Moisture measurement-unground grain and seeds. St. Joseph: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
|
|
|
*** (2009) ASAE EP291.3. Terminology and Definitions for Soil Tillage and Soil-Tool Relationships. St. Joseph: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
|
|
  
|
Allmaras, R.R., Linden, D.R., Clapp, C.E. (2004) Corn-Residue Transformations into Root and Soil Carbon as Related to Nitrogen, Tillage, and Stover Management. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68(4): 1366
|
|
|
Boateng, A.A., Mullen, C.A., Goldberg, N.M., Hicks, K.B., Devine, T.E., Lima, I.M., Mcmurtrey, and J.E. (2010) Sustainable production of bioenergy and biochar from the straw of high-biomass soybean lines via fast pyrolysis. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 29(2): 175-183
|
|
8 
|
Brkić, M., Janić, T. (2010) Nova procena vrsta i količina biomasa Vojvodine za proizvodnju energije. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, 36(2): 178-188
|
|
2
|
Golub, M., Đatkov, Đ., Bojić, S., Martinov, M. (2011) Ukupan i raspoloživ prinos biljnih ostataka pšenice. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, 37(2): 185-192
|
|
1
|
Gregg, J.S., Izaurralde, C.R. (2010) Effect of crop residue harvest on long-term crop yield, soil erosion and nutrient balance: Trade-offs for a sustainable bioenergy feedstock. Biofuels, 1(1): 69-83
|
|
1
|
Hickman, J.S., Schoenberger, D.L. (1989) Estimating soybean and sunflower residue. Manhattan, Kansas: Cooperative Extension Service
|
|
|
Johnson, J.M.F., Wilhelm, W.W., Karlen, D.L., Archer, D.W., Wienhold, B., Lightle, D.T., Laird, D., Baker, J., Ochsner, T.E., Novak, J.M., Halvorson, A.D., Arriaga, F., Barbour, N. (2010) Nutrient Removal as a Function of Corn Stover Cutting Height and Cob Harvest. BioEnergy Research, 3(4): 342-352
|
|
|
Kis, D., Juris, T., Sucis, B., Sumanovac, L., Jakobovis, M. (2010) The choice of burners of soybean straw as a biomass source. u: Proc. 45th Croatian & 5th International Symposium on Agriculture, Opatija, February 15-19, 1254-1258
|
|
3
|
Martinov, M., Brkić, M., Janić, T., Đatkov, Đ., Golub, M., Bojić, S. (2011) Biomasa u Vojvodini - RES 2020. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 37, br. 2, str. 119-134
|
|
3
|
Powlson, D. (2006) Cereals straw for bioenergy: Environmental and agronomic constraints. u: Expert consultation: Cereals straw resources for bioenergy in the European Union, 14-15. Oct., Pamplona, proc., 45-59
|
|
3
|
Rosentrater, K.A., Todey, D., Persyin, R. (2009) Quantifying total and sustainable agricultural biomass resources in south Dakota: A preliminary assessment. Agricultural Engineering International, 11: Manuscript 1059-1058-1
|
|
9
|
Sekulić, P., Ninkov, J., Hristov, N., Vasin, J., Šeremešić, S., Zeremski-Škorić, T. (2010) Sadržaj organske materije u zemljištima AP Vojvodine i mogućnost korišćenja žetvenih ostataka kao obnovljivog izvora energije. Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, vol. 47, br. 2, str. 591-598
|
|
|
|
|