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2015, vol. 41, br. 3, str. 141-148
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Gubici usled drifta pri tretiranju suncokreta protiv biljnih bolesti u zavisnosti od tipa rasprskivača i norme tretiranja
Losses due to drift in treatment of sunflower against plant diseases depending on the type nozzles and treatment norms
Projekat: Unapređenje kvaliteta traktora i mobilnih sistema u cilju povećanja konkurentnosti, očuvanja zemljišta i životne sredine (MPNTR - 31046)
br. 104-401-6466/2015-01: Izbor I primena održive tehnike I tehnologije apliakcije sredstava za zaštitu I ishranu bilja
Sažetak
U našoj zemlji suncokret je osnovna sirovina za proizvodnju sirovog ulja. Bolesti suncokreta predstavljaju ograničavajući faktor u proizvodnji ove kulture. Pored plodoreda kao veoma efikasne mere, hemijska zaštita suncokreta od bolesti fungicidima (jedno ili dva tretiranja) mogu u velikoj meri doprineti postizanju visokih i stabilnih prinosa, što posebno dolazi do izražaja u vlažnim i kišovitim uslovima i kod osetljivih hibrida. Uprkos kritikama upotrebe hemijskih sredstava za zaštitu bilja, farmeri će nastaviti upotrebu i aplikaciju pesticida prskalicama. Ako nije moguće uticati u tolikoj meri na upotrebu hemijskih sredstava, može se povećati efikasnost aplikacije. Dobra podešenost prskalice povećava kvalitet i efikasnost što rezultira u bolje nanetom sredstvu i ujednačenoj aplikaciji na ciljane površine, smanjenim gubicima usled drifta, te sprečava neadekvatnu i dodatnu primenu pesticida. Upotrebom vodosenzitivnih papira i primenom fluorescentnih materija izmereni su gubici pri aplikaciji s tri tipa rasprskivača: T rasprskivača sa ravnim lepezastim mlazom, injektorskog rasprskivača sa jednim, odnosno injektorskog rasprskivača s dva mlaza. Ispitivanje je realizovano na otovorenom polju u usevu suncokreta. Tri različite norme tretiranja su korišćene u testu.
Abstract
In our country, the sunflower is the main raw material for the production of crude oil. Sunflower disease represent a limiting factor in the production of this culture. In addition to crop rotation as a very effective measures, chemical protection from diseases with fungicides (one or two treatments) can greatly contribute to the achievement of high and stable yield, which is particularly evident in wet and rainy conditions and in susceptible hybrids. Despite criticism of the use of chemical plant protection products, farmers will continue to use and application of pesticides sprayers. If you can not influence so much the use of chemical agents, can increase the efficiency of the application. Good setting sprinklers increases quality and efficiency, resulting in better apply cleaner and uniform application on the target surface, reduced losses due to drift and prevent inadequate and additional application of pesticides. Using vodosenzitivnih paper and applying fluorescent substances were measured losses in an application with three types of nozzles: T nozzles with flat fan-shaped spray injector nozzles with one or the injector nozzles with two jets. Testing was carried out on the open field in sunflower crops. Three different standards are used in the treatment of the test.
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