This article deals with the Hague Protocol on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations (2007), which is a new source of Private International Law (PIL) of the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Serbia ratified this Protocol in early 2013 and it entered into force on 1st August 2013. The recognition of this international instrument has brought significant changes in the Serbian PIL in the field of conflict of laws, particularly in terms of the conflict rules governing the subject matter of maintenance. Thus, the conflict rules contained in the 1982 Act on Resolving the Conflict of Laws with other Countries have been repealed; some provisions of the existing bilateral contracts which are binding for the Republic of Serbia have also been voided. In this article, the author analyses the legal solutions envisaged in the Hague Protocol on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations, pointing to their specific features and dilemmas which may arise in practice. The basic idea underlying this article is to make the legal practitioners more familiar with the Protocol provisions and their prospective implementation. It is important because the envisaged legal solutions are substantially different from the earlier solutions; upon a detailed comparison of some former and new solutions, legal practitioners who encounter these rules for the first time may find them complicated to apply. The author also emphasizes the importance of the fact that, as soon as the Protocol entered into force, Serbia has unified its conflict rules in the matter of maintenance obligations with the respective conflict rules in (almost all) EU Member States.