2010, vol. 39, br. 7-8, str. 8-27
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Poljoprivredni kredit u vreme stvaranja Kraljevine SHS na području važenja Austro-Ugarskih zakona
Agricultural credit at the time of creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in the territories of jurisdiction of the Austro-Hungarian legislature
Sažetak
Seljaštvo Kraljevine SHS koje je živelo u nekadašnjim austro-ugarskim pokrajinama moglo je da se zadužuje lakše, brže i povoljnije od zemljoradnika sa područja koja su do državnog ujedinjenja 1918. godine bila u sastavu Kraljevine Srbije. Razlozi za to bili su višestruki. Prvo, početkom XX veka, u Austro-Ugarskoj je bila razvijena jaka mreža dobro organizovanih privatnih i javnih finansijskih institucija čiji su zajmovi bili dostupni poljoprivrednicima. Istovremeno, zemljoradnicima u Kraljevini Srbiji na raspolaganju su bili samo zajmovi poljoprivrednih kreditnih zadruga, pa je cvetalo zelenaštvo. Drugo, za vreme svetskog rata u Austro-Ugarskoj, bankarske institucije i nacionalne kreditne zadruge, sem onih srpskih, nisu prekidale sa radom, tako da nije bilo zastoja u finansiranju razvoja poljoprivrede. Sa druge strane, ratna razaranja u Kraljevini Srbiji opustošila su sela i prekinula rad poljoprivrednih kreditnih zadruga. Treće, posle državnog ujedinjenja 1918. godine, u oblasti poljoprivrednog kredita sve veći jaz su stvarale nasleđene razlike u pravnim sistemima na područjima važenja srpskih i austro-ugarskih zakona. Tzv. seljački zakoni Kraljevine Srbije bili su kočnica razvoju poljoprivrednog kredita, za razliku od austrijskog i mađarskog zakonodavstva koji je išlo u susret potrebama finansiranja poljoprivredne proizvodnje.
Abstract
Peasantry of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, living in the former Austro-Hungarian provinces, had access to borrowing funds in an easier and more favourable manner than the farming population inhabiting territories of the Kingdom of Serbia until the unification in 1918. The reasons for this were multi-fold. Firstly, in the early 20th century, there was a strongly developed network of well organized private and public financial institutions in the Austro-Hungary, offering farmers easy access to loans. At the same time, farming population in the Kingdom of Serbia had available only the loans provided by the agricultural crediting cooperatives, and thus the loan-sharking flourished. Secondly, during the time of World War One, banking institutions and national crediting cooperatives in Austro-Hungary, unlike the Serbian ones, continued their work without interruption, thus without causing any delays in financing agricultural development. On the other hand, war-thorn villages in the Kingdom of Serbia were devastated and the work of agricultural crediting cooperatives suspended. Thirdly, after the unification of the State in 1918, in the field of agricultural crediting, a growing gap appeared created by the inherited differences in the legal systems prevailing in the territories under jurisdiction of Serbia and those under the Austro-Hungarian legislature. In the Kingdom of Serbia, the so-called farming or homestead laws were a stumbling block for the development of agricultural crediting, unlike to the Austrian and Hungarian legislature availing itself to the needs for financing agricultural production.
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