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Teme iz obrazovanja i vaspitanja u časopisu Baština
Topics related to education in Baština journal between 1991 and 2020
Projekat: Ruralno tržište rada i ruralna ekonomija Srbije - diverzifikacija dohotka i smanjenje siromaštva (MPNTR - 179028)
Kosovo i Metohija između nacionalnog identiteta i evrointegracija (MPNTR - 47023)
This paper was written as part of science project funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina): The development of software for identifying talent in students, ID 19/6-020/961-26/1
This paper was written as part of science project funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Software support for prediction of student success in studying, ID 19/6-020/961-27/18
Sažetak
U radu je dat pregled tema iz oblasti obrazovanja i vaspitanja koje su do sada objavljene u Časopisu Baština u periodu od 1991. do 2020. Obrazovanje i vaspitanje je oduvek bilo društveno uslovljeno. Sve što se dešava u društvu, s jedne strane nužno se odražava i na proces obrazovanja i vaspitanja. S druge strane, sve promene u obrazovanju i vaspitanju za reperkusiju imaju i promene u društvu. Časopis Baština koji je od 1991. do 1997. izdavao Institut za proučavanje kulture Srba, Crnogoraca, Hrvata i Muslimana u Prištini, a od 1998. Institut za srpsku kulturu u Prištini čije je sedište od 1999. u Leposaviću, objavljuje radove iz oblasti društveno-humanističkih nauka. Časopis Baština je do sada objavio 52 sveske u kojima su saržani različiti kursevi: Književnost, Istorija, Istorija kulture, Etnologija, Politikologija, Sociologija, Etnomuzikologija, Demografija, Arheologija, Umetnost, Istorija umetnosti, Jezik, Književnost, Estetika, Hronika, Građa i Prikazi i polemike. Analizom tema u do sada objavjavljenim sveskama, samo 63 rada za problem proučavanja su imala različite aspekte obrazovanja i vaspitanja. Oni su objavljeni u okviru kurseva: Istorija kulture - 38 radova; Istorija - 8 radova; Pedagogija - 5 radova; po 3 rada u oblati Prosvete i Etnomuzikologije; Politikologija i sociologija - 2 rada; i po 1 rad iz oblasti Jezika, Istorije umetnosti, Književnosti i posebne tematike - Delo Vladete Vukovića. Posmatrani periodi se može podeliti na dva perioda. Prvi je od 1991. do 2006. kada su objavljena samo dva četiri rada. Ostali radovi objavljeni su u drugom periodu od 2007. do 2020. Znatno veći broj radova iz oblasti vaspitanja i obrazovanja rezultirao je upošljavanjem istraživača iz oblasti pedagogije na Institutu za srpsku kulturu i premeštanje Učiteljskog fakulteta iz Prizrenu u Leposavić 1999. Najveći broj radova je iz oblasti istorije pedagogije. Manji je broj radova iz opštih pedagoških tema, a jedan broj radova za problem proučavanja je imao različite aspekte obrazovanja i vaspitanja. Polazeći od činjenice da je Institut za srpsku kulturu multidiciplinarna institucija, a časopis Baština periodična publikacija u kojoj se objavljuju radovi iz oblasti društveno-humanističkih nauka u koje spada i Pedagogija, može se zaključiti da je do sada u ovom časopisu objavljen Mali broj radova koji su se bavili proučavanjem obrazovanja i vaspitanja, pa se i ističe potreba da u budućnosti zastupljenost tema iz oblasti obrazovanja i vaspitanja u časopisu Baština bude veća. Na osnovu analize svih objavljenih radova u časopisu Baština u poslednjem tridesetogodišnjem periodu je uočljivo da se uglavnom radi o radovima koji se odnose na kulturno nasleđe Kosova i Metohije i Republike Srbije i na razvoj i jačanje nacionalnog identiteta Srba na Kosovu i Metohiji. Najveći broj radova nastao je kao rezultat naučnih istraživanja u okviru do sada realizovanih naučnih projekata koje je finansijski podržalo Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije. Oni su: 1) Duhovne pojave i stvaralaštva srpskog naroda na Kosovu i Metohiji od 15. do 20. veka, evidencioni broj 148020, realizovan u periodu 2006-2010. i 2) Materijalna i duhovna kultura Kosova i Metohije, evidencioni broj 179028, koji se realizuje u periodu od 2010. Rezultati ove teorijske studije su pokazali da je s jedne strane obrazovanje i vaspitanje značajna oblast društvenog delovanja, što je na području Kosova i Metohije upravo u posmatranom periodu od 1991-1920. jedna od najznačajnijih oblasti za razvoj i jačanje kulturnog i nacionalnog identiteta Srba na Kosovu i Metohiji, a sa druge strane se nameće potreba produbljenije analize obrazovanja i vaspitanja Srba na području Kosova i Metohije kao značajne komponente kulturnog nasleđa Kosova i Metohije i Republike Srbije. Sve to predstavlja odličnu osnovu za neka buduća istraživanja ovog problema i za realizaciju nekog od budućih naučnih projekata koji će realizovati Institut za srpsku kulturu u Prištini - Leposaviću.
Abstract
Education has always been socially conditioned. On the one hand, everything that happens in society necessarily reflects on the education process, and on the other hand, all changes in education cause changes in society. Baština journal, which used to be published by the Institute for the Study of Culture of Serbs, Montenegrins, Croats and Muslims in Priština from 1991 to 1997, and by the Institute for Serbian Culture in Priština since 1998, which has now been based in Leposavić since 1999, publishes papers in the field of social and humanistic sciences. These papers most often discuss topics in the field of Literature, History, History of Culture, Ethnology, Political Science and Sociology, and occasionally in the field of Ethnomusicology, Demography, Archeology, Art, Art History, Language, Literature and Aesthetics, while one journal issue published a special topic - Vladeta Vuković's Works. The journal has so far also included Discussions and Review, Chronicles and Composition. In this paper, the coauthors investigate the representation of education-related topics, as well as the character, scope and intensity of these topics in the Baština Journal from the first edition in 1991 to the latest edition in 2020. A retrospective study of scientific and professional papers showed that a total of 63 papers were published that directly and indirectly study education, primarily in the field of the history of pedagogy, general pedagogical topics and other education-related issues. These topics were mostly published within the History of Culture pillar. As a separate topic, Education was present only in two issues in 2007 and in one issue in 2009 and in the last two issues in 2020 within the Pedagogy course.
IntroductionPedagogy has been dealing with education for the longest and most thoroughly, including its most crucial and categorical concepts and/or terms. Starting from the social significance of education, the education topic as a social category is also dealt with by philosophy, sociology, psychology, andragogy, and more broadly by other scientific disciplines, because they "... allow to clearly distinguish the subject area of Pedagogy from the subject of study of related scientific fields..." (Kulić et al. 2019: 59). This study provides an overview of the representation of topics related to education in the Baština Journal, which, despite publishing topics in the field of social and humanistic sciences, between 1991 and 2020 has not sufficiently published topics in the field of Pedagogy, which is seen as the most general science of education and its core. The papers published so far have mainly discussed the issue of the history of education and the overview of the work of primary and secondary schools in Kosovo and Metohija, or only certain aspects of education and teaching have been studied and the results obtained would be correlated with other aspects of social life and work in the area of Kosovo and Metohija, primarily with the national identity of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija and in the Republic of Serbia (Jeremić, Milenović 2020; Milenović, Minić 2019) and similar issues. For this reason, it seems reasonable to study both topics in the Baština Journal, primarily starting from the undisputed importance of education and overall education system in Kosovo and Metohija in today's complex sociopolitical living conditions and above all the survival of Kosovo and Metohija and the Serbian people living in Kosovo and Metohija. By analyzing the topics in 52 volumes published so far and 63 papers published which discussed the topics related to education, it can be seen that they mainly studied various aspects of education within the following courses: History of Culture - 38 papers; History - 8 papers; Pedagogy - 5 papers; 3 papers in the field of Education and Ethnomusicology each; Political Science and Sociology - 2 papers; and 1 paper each in the field of Language, Art History, Literature and a Special Topics - Vladeta Vuković's Works. By analyzing the papers by year of publication, all papers could be grouped into two separate periods: 1) from 1991 to 2006, in which only three papers were published, 2 of which were in the field of history and one covered a special topic - Vladeta Vuković's Works; and 2) from 2007 to 2020, when 59 papers were published. This difference is based on the fact that until 2006, The Institute for the Study of Culture of Serbs, Montenegrins, Croats and Muslims (since 1998 it is called the Institute for Serbian Culture) did not have any researchers in the field of Pedagogy as a science. In 2007, Mirjana Simić started working at the Institute of Serbian Culture as a researcher, and she published a significant number of papers. The relocation of the Faculty of Teacher Education of the University of Priština from Prizren to Leposavić in 1999 also contributed to this, whose teachers and associates published a number of papers related to educational topics. Further on, this study will provide a more thorough analysis of the topics published in the field of education in the Baština Journal. Issues in the field of preschool pedagogy, school pedagogy, didactics and methodology of pedagogical research are directly studied in only nine topics published in the Baština Journal. One paper was published in the field of preschool pedagogy. In 2018, Vesna Minić published a paper entitled The Significance and Application of Didactic Games in Preschool and Primary School Age. This paper emphasized the importance of play in the education of preschool children. The difference in the understanding of children's play in the past is especially highlighted, when it was considered entertainment and fun compared to modern understandings according to which play is "… a spontaneous and natural state of a child and its inner need for activity..." (p. 279), which ensures that preschool children acquire knowledge during various activities in preschools. Two papers have been published in the field of school pedagogy. One paper which simultaneously discusses the issues in the field of school pedagogy and inclusive education can also be included in this group. The first paper studies the role of the school pedagogue in instruction, with special reference to their role in today's school, which is being constantly reformed (Simić 2012b). Another paper studies the peer violence issue, which was considered of great importance in the first decade of the 21st century. In this context, the paper presents the importance and role of programs for the prevention of peer violence, and the family and school as the most important factors in preventing peer violence (Bazić 2014). One more paper dealt with inclusive education issues, where the importance of creating conditions for its efficient implementation in today's school is particularly emphasized (Simić 2014a). During the period studied, two papers with topics from the field of Didactics were published in the Baština Journal. The first paper deals with above-average students, and in it the co-authors rightly point out that in today's school, more attention is paid to problematic students than to above-average students. In order to work more efficiently with these students, the paper presents different types of classes in working with above-average students (Jovanović, Minić 2018). The same co-authors studied another interesting topic in the field of Didactics, which refers to an innovative type of instruction in today's school. By presenting integrated instruction, the co-authors highlight the connection between learning topics and the need for an integrative approach to instruction in today's school (Minić, Jovanović 2020). In the field of pedagogical research methodology, three papers have been published in the Baština Journal. These studies dealt with the selection of models and procedures of methodological research (Tančić, Lazović Jović 2018); methodological issues of comparative research in pedagogy (Simić 2012a); and methodological issues of research in the history of pedagogy (Bazić 2011). It is important to mention the paper written by Natasa Nikolić and Radovan Antonijević (2020) in which education is studied as a factor of cultural reproduction and cultural production, with special emphasis on the importance of formal, non-formal and informal education and learning. Topics related to the history of pedagogyMost of the topics in the field of education belong to the field of the history of pedagogy. All topics can be divided into two main groups. The first group includes topics in which general questions from the history of pedagogical ideas are studied. The foundational concept of intellectual education was studied in the works of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as the most important representatives of pedagogy in the transition from the period of utopian socialists to the period that is characterized by the individual education (Bazić 2009a). After an individual study of their pedagogical ideas in the field of intellectual education, a comparative analysis of their ideas was given, which showed that there are numerous similarities and differences between them (Bazić 2010). In one of the topics, the perceptions of Serbian Herbartians about the goal and, above all, the objectives of education were studied, which is certainly important for a better understanding of the goal of education and concretization of the goal of education, but also the objectives of education in that period (Arsić, Radojević 2019). The majority of topics published during the reference period is in the field of development of school, school ideas and education, mainly in the area of Kosovo and Metohija, but also in some other areas of Serbia. Following such an approach, the study will first present topics in which the history of education in central Serbia and neighboring countries has been studied. In one of the studied topics, educational and cultural conditions in Old Serbia in the period from the Congress of Berlin to 1912 are shown, during which, in addition to general decisions made at the Congress, the economic and political opportunities under the Young Turks were pointed out, especially the efforts and activities of church and school municipalities (Lekić 1995). Olga Nikolić (1996) studied a particularly interesting topic, on the rights and responsibilities of teachers in Old Serbia and Macedonia. By studying mainly archival material, the paper presents the key issues that teachers encountered in that period, which are to some extent similar to the issues teachers are faced with now as well, including the status of teachers, i.e., their position, which was mostly only legal and financial, and their salaries, which depended on numerous factors and were generally low. Problems related to school management and school certificates in schools in Old Serbia and Macedonia were also presented. Aleksandar Stamatović’s (2007) paper presents learning topics about Kosovo and Metohija that were part of textbooks in Montenegro until 1916, which also contain numerous details related to school and education in Kosovo and Metohija during that period in history. Among other topics in which the status of school and education in central Serbia were studied, it is necessary to mention papers in which the historical significance of the cultural and educational policy of the City of Vranje was studied, pointing out the main values of education in Vranje and its significance (Bazić 2008b); the development of primary education in Serbia from 1804 to 1839 (Bazić 2014); literacy of people living in Kraljevo in the post-war period after the end of the Second World War between 1945 and 1950 (Bondžić 2018); and there were also some discussions about the Lyceum in Kezmarok which was particularly important for the history of Serbian education, and attended by members of other nations (Germans, Hungarians, Romanians and others), and Branislav Konjević (2018) presented it in his works as an institution where in addition to gaining knowledge, students get used to work and are taught respect for order and discipline. Within the topics from the field of the history of education in the area of Kosovo and Metohija, the historical problems that education had to face with in certain regions were studied, as well as in individual examples from the history of certain schools from different cities of Kosovo and Metohija. One study discussed the education of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija between 1897 and 1898, and it especially emphasized that the Serbian government at that time period recognized the importance of creating intellectual elite in Kosovo and Metohija, which required educated teachers. Starting from the stated fact, significant attention was paid to the professional development of teachers of that time (Simić 2014b). The role and importance of education in Kosovo and Metohija, covering a wider area, was also studied in a paper written by Ljiljana Tešmanović and Siniša Dostić (2018). Their paper offered a comparative analysis of education in the past and at the present period, including the main similarities and differences, and the undisputed importance of education in Kosovo and Metohija, which was constantly improved and modernized. A researcher at the Institute for Serbian Culture in Pristina, now based in Leposavić, Mirjana Simić, made a significant contribution to the study of education in Kosovo and Metohija in the Baština Journal. In her papers, she at first studied the history of education in certain regions in Kosovo and Metohija. Her papers study education in the area of Kosovska Mitrovica, more specifically, primary education since its initiation in 1925 (Bazić 2009b) and the secondary education system in Kosovska Mitrovica from 1919 to 1933 (Bazić 2009c). Primary education in Zvečan (Bazić 2007a) and primary education in the area of Lešak (Bazić 2007b) are also studied. In the published papers, she also shows the historical dimension of certain schools in Kosovo and Metohija, based on historical and archival sources. She also emphasized how important it was that the theological school in Prizren was founded and worked in the period from 1871 to 1912 (Bazić 2008a), as well as the importance of the public civic school in Uroševac (Bazić 2010); the statistical overview of the Pristina high school in the period from 1919 to 1921 is also shown (Bazić 2011). Some other authors used historical material and archival sources to publish papers related to the history of education in the area of Kosovo and Metohija. In one of them, the humanitarian and educational role of the women's craft school in Pristina from 1919-1944 was presented, which has shown that great importance was attached to the education of women in Serbia and in Kosovo and Metohija at the end of the 19th century, and this trend continued further on (Vidosavljević, Krulj Drašković 2014). The activities of the women's school in Peć in the period from 1920 to 1941 were presented in a similar way (Vidosavljević, Krulj 2019); craft school of The Circle of Serbian Sisters (Serbian: Kolo Srpskih sestara) in Uroševac, with special emphasis on its humanitarian role (Vidosavljević 2016); women's craft school in Đakovica (Vidosavljević 2015); Kosovo Mitrovica branch of the women's craft school (Vidosavljević 2013); activity of the women's craft school in Prizren (Virijević 2008); and education in Prizren in the period from 1906. to 1909 (Simić 2013). In two papers written in the reference period important for our study, people important for the development of education in Kosovo and Metohija and their pedagogical work are presented. One of the works is part of a special thematic unit of the 2001 issue of the Baština Journal, which presented the entire work of Vladeta Vuković. That journal issue presented the educational and edificatory work of this important person of Kosovo and Metohija and the whole of Serbia, on which occasion the importance of his pedagogical work was particularly emphasized (Vukićević 2001). In another paper, the first teacher from Prizren and Niš, Nasta Dimitrijević, was spoken about. This teacher, who worked in Prizren until 1844, was notable for the fact that in 1845 in Niš she was appointed a teacher in the first mixed-gender school, which later, due to school reform, grew into a six-year female school (Vidosavljević, Stakić 2015). The recent history of education in Serbia, especially in the area of Kosovo and Metohija, is presented in the Baština Journal mainly through a review of specific primary schools in the area of northern Kosovo. The credit for this thorough overview of education in the north of Kosovo and Metohija belongs to the teacher of Didactics at the Faculty of Teacher Education in Prizren with a temporary seat in Leposavić, Petar Rajčević, PhD. This zealous individual presented the potential of most primary schools in the area of northern Kosovo and Metohija in recent history: Primary school in Leposavić (Rajčević 2014); Vuk Karadžić Primary School in Sočanica (Rajčević 2015); Stana Bačanin Primary School in Leško (Rajčević 2016); Vuk Karadžić Primary School in Zvečan (Rajčević 2017); Banović Strahinja Primary School in Banjska (Rajčević 2018a); Saint Sava Primary school in Žerovnica (Rajčević 2018b); Saint Sava Primary School in Kosovska Mitrovica (Rajčević 2019); and Branko Radičević Primary School in Kosovska Mitrovica (Rajčević 2020). In addition to presenting the organization and activities of the schools and their regional departments, curricula, teaching staff, he particularly highlighted the evaluation and academic success of students at the end of the school year in which he studied these schools. In addition to Petar Rajčević, Slaviša Biševac and Dušan Manojlović (2018) also gave an overview of Zupčanski Primary School, one of the older schools in Stari Kolašin, which was founded in as early as 1923. In addition to overviews of specific primary schools in the Baština Journal, two papers were published in which the education of the population in recent history in a broader area was presented. The first study discussed the education of the population of Gadžin Han which is part of Zaplanje municipality located in the area of the City of Nis and is considered one of the most underdeveloped if not the least developed municipality in the Republic of Serbia. The study actually shows the fate of small rural schools in this area, as well as the fate of small rural schools in other parts of the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo and Metohija, the number of which is decreasing every year (Milenović 2013). Another study presented a comparative analysis of the education status of female population from the Vlach region of Homolje and the Metohija parish of Gora (Milenović 2012). This study presented a comparative analysis that showed that the female population of the Vlach region of Homolje is more educated, but that the female population of the Metohija parish of Gora has a more positive attitude towards education. In addition to general topics related to the field of education, 13 papers have been published in the Baština Journal in the past period, which studied different aspects of education. Most of these papers discussed the problems of music teaching in primary school. One of them studies the historical development of Serbian spiritual music and its significance for teaching music in school (Cicović Sarajlić and Pavlović 2018). Other papers related to the field of music instruction studied music literacy in primary school (Pavlović and Kovač 2016) and solfeggio music teaching (Ilić and Milovanović 2019). In some papers, music education is brought into the context of traditional folk art (Pavlović, Cicović Sarajlić 2014 and 2015) and is shown as important for the development of national identity and identity of the Serbian people in Kosovo and Metohija and the Republic of Serbia (Jeremić and Milenović 2020). The Serbian Orthodox Church has always played a significant role in preserving the religion, language and Orthodox population in Kosovo and Metohija. Orthodox teaching and the Orthodox Catechism are studied in three papers in the Baština Journal. The first paper indicates the didactic and educational value of The Nomocanon of Saint Sava (Rajčević 2017). The second paper provides an overview of the results of an empirical research that talked about the importance of Orthodox catechism instruction for educating students to value peace and democracy (Milenović, Milovanović 2018). The third paper presents Orthodox teaching in the light of literary work and psychological theory (Ahmetagić 2012). Other papers that discuss various education-related issues specifically studied physical education and sports (Gajić, 2020, Ratković 2020); social topics in nature and society lessons and their contribution to the development of national identity for the Serbian people in Kosovo and Metohija and in the Republic of Serbia (Milenović, Minić 2019); and lexicology in curricula in school textbooks (Mihajlović 2019). ConclusionThis paper provides an overview of topics related to education that have been published in the Baština Journal between 1991 and 2020. So far, the Baština Journal has published 52 volumes which encompassed various topics: Literature, History, History of Culture, Ethnology, Political Sciences, Sociology, Ethnomusicology, Demography, Archeology, Art, Art History, Language, Literature, Aesthetics, Chronicle, Composition and Reviews and Discussions. By analyzing the topics discussed in the volumes published so far, 63 papers published discussed the topics related to education: History of Culture - 38 papers; History - 8 papers; Pedagogy - 5 papers; 3 papers in the field of Education and Ethnomusicology each; Political Science and Sociology - 2 papers; and 1 paper each in the field of Language, Art History, Literature and a Special Topics - Vladeta Vuković's Works. The observed period can be divided into two periods. The first is from 1991. to 2006, when only four papers were published. Other papers were published between 2007 and 2020. A significantly higher number of papers related to education were published in the latter period because researchers in the field of pedagogy were employed at the Institute of Serbian Culture and due to the relocation of the Faculty of Teacher Education from Prizren to Leposavić in 1999. The majority of papers discussed topics related to the history of pedagogy. There was a smaller number of papers related to general pedagogical topics, and a number of papers also studied different aspects of education. Starting from the fact that the Institute for Serbian Culture is a multidisciplinary institution, and the Baština Journal is a periodical publication which includes papers in the field of social and humanistic sciences, including Pedagogy, it can be concluded that so far a small number of papers dealing with the education topic have been published in this journal, therefore, there is the need to include more topics related to education in the Baština Journal in the future. Based on the analysis of all published papers in the Baština Journal in the last thirty years, it can be noticed that these are mainly papers related to the cultural heritage of Kosovo and Metohija and the Republic of Serbia and the development and strengthening of the national identity of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija. The largest number of papers was the result of scientific research within the framework of scientific projects realized so far financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. These are: 1) Spiritual phenomena and creations by the Serbian people in Kosovo and Metohija from the 15th to the 20th century, registration number 148020, conducted between 2006 and 2010, and 2) Material and spiritual culture of Kosovo and Metohija, registration number 179028, which is being conducted since 2010. The results of this theoretical study have shown that, on the one hand, education is an important aspect of social activity, which in the observed period from 1991 to 1920 in the area of Kosovo and Metohija has been one of the most important fields of development and strengthening of the cultural and national identity of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija, and on the other hand there is the need for a more thorough analysis of education of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija as an important component of cultural heritage of Kosovo and Metohija and Serbia. All this creates an excellent basis for some future research on this issue and for the realization of some future scientific projects that will be realized by the Institute for Serbian Culture in Priština - Leposavić. DodatakAcknowledgementsThis paper was written as part of science two projects which have been funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia since 2010: 1) Material and spiritual culture of Kosovo and Metohija, ID 179028; an 2) Kosovo and Metohija between national identitety and euro integrations, ID III-47023. This paper was written as part of science two projects funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina): 1) The development of software for identifying talent in students, ID 19/6-020/961- 26/1; and 2) Software support for prediction of student success in studying, ID 19/6-020/961-27/18.
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