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2010, vol. 8, br. 1, str. 63-76
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Primena optimizacionih metoda pri upravljanju čvrstim otpadom u gradu Nišu
Application method for optimization in solid waste management system in the city of Niš
Projekat: Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 14068
Sažetak
U radu je dat postupak izbora optimalnog sistema upravljanja čvrstim otpadom u gradskom jezgru grada Niša. Pri optimizaciji sistema postavljeni su sledeći ciljevi: maksimalna efikasnost sistema i maksimalno zadovoljenje korisnika usluga sistema. Za izbor sistema upravljanja otpadom, zbog njegove složenosti i mogućnosti varijantnog izvođenja, korišćen je višekriterijumski metod optimizacije i odlučivanja Analytic Hierarchy Process. Postupkom optimizacije prvo je izvršeno detaljno merenje i analiza parametara postojećeg sistema upravljanja otpada na terenu. Zatim su definisane tri moguće varijante sistema. Kao prva varijanta sistema usvojeno je postojeće rešenje sistema upravljanja otpadom čiji su parametri određeni na osnovu procene i iskustva bez korišćenja matematičkog modela sistema. Druge dve varijante sistema su definisane na osnovu razvijenog matematičkog modela sistema korišćenjem Clark-Wright-ovog algoritma uštede i geografskog informacionog sistema. Pri izboru optimalne varijante sistema upravljanja otpadom, iz skupa prethodno definisanih mogućih varijantnih rešenja, postavljen je skup od pet kriterijuma. Na kraju sprovedenim postupkom optimizacije, izabrano je optimalno rešenje sa novim parametrima sistema kojima se postojeći sistema upravljanja čvrstim otpadom u gradskom jezgru grada Niša može korigovati u cilju veće efikasnosti.
Abstract
The paper shows the procedure of selecting the optimal solid waste management system in the city core of Niš. The following aims are set at the system optimization: the maximal system efficiency and the maximal satisfaction of system services users. For the selection of the waste management system, due to its complexity and possibility of variant performance, the multi-criteria method of optimization and decision making, Analytic Hierarchy Process, is used. In the optimization procedure, detailed measurement and analysis of the existing waste management system parameters are first conducted in the field. Then, three possible system variants are defined. As the first system variant, the existing solution for the waste management system whose parameters are determined upon the evaluation and experience without using a mathematical model of the system is adopted. The other two system variants are defined upon a developed mathematical model of the system by using the Clarke-Wright savings algorithm and the Geographical Information System. Upon the selection of the optimal waste management system variant, from the cluster of the previously defined possible variant solutions, we form a set of five criteria. Through the eventually conducted optimization procedure, the optimal solution is selected with new system parameters that can correct the existing solid waste management system in the city core of Niš in order to improve its efficiency.
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