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Mikrostanovi - postizanje prostornog komfora u potstandardnim uslovima za stanovanje
Micro-apartments: Achieving spatial comfort in substandard housing conditions
Projekat: Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije, Beograd) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200006)
Ključne reči: mikrostanovanje; mikro-život; životni minimum; prostorni komfor; minimalni stan
Keywords: micro-housing; micro-living; existenzminimum; spatial comfort; minimum dwelling
Sažetak
Mikrostanovanje podrazumeva život u podstandardnim uslovima, u stambenim jedinicama koje su veoma malih dimenzija. Ovakvi stanovi obično imaju samo najosnovnije sadržaje, poput sobe za odmor, kuhinje i kupatila i ne ispunjavaju sve aspekte funkcionalnosti. Njihovi korisnici se svesno odriču zadovoljenja pojedinih životnih potreba kako bi živeli na određenoj lokaciji ili imali manje troškove za održavanje stana. U istraživanju su analizirani karakteristični primeri mikrostanova i referentna naučna literatura, da bi iz obimne građe deduktivnom metodom bili ekstrahovani projektantski principi čijom primenom je moguće postići adekvatan prostorni komfor u stanovima minimalnih dimenzija. Principi su klasifikovani prema grupama osnovnih ljudskih potreba koje zadovoljavaju, a zatim hijerarhijski poređani prema nivou značaja u postupku doživljaja veće prostornosti. Cilj istraživanja je da se razmotre i sistematizuju najznačajniji principi kojima se može postići viši nivo prostornog komfora u podstandardnim uslovima za mikrostanovanje. U radu se preispituje stanovište po kome donju granicu kvaliteta mikrostanovanja čini lični doživljaj prijatnosti i komfora u stambenom prostoru, koji je određen mogućnostima za zadovoljenje fizioloških potreba korisnika. Prema rezultatima ovog istraživanja, za minimalan prostorni komfor u stanu je neophodno posedovanje prostora za odmor (ležaja), sa mogućnošću korišćenja zajedničkog prostora za pripremu hrane i održavanje lične higijene, što pomera donju granicu kvaliteta mikrostanovanja koja je do sada bila prisutna u nauci.
Abstract
Micro-housing means living in substandard conditions, in housing units that are very small in size. Such apartments usually have only the most basic contents, such as rooms for rest, kitchens and bathrooms, and they do not meet all functionality aspects, because users consciously choose to forego certain living needs in order to live in a certain location or have lower maintenance costs. The research considers characteristic examples of micro-apartments and analyses reference literature, in order to extract design principles from extensive material, through which it is possible to achieve spatial comfort in apartments of minimal dimensions. The aim of the research is to consider and systematize the most important principles that can achieve a higher level of spatial comfort in substandard conditions for micro-housing. The paper examines the view that the lower limit of the range of microhousing is the personal experience of comfort and convenience in the living space, determined by how well it meets the users' physiological needs. According to the results of the research, in order to have minimum spatial comfort in an apartment, it is necessary to have a rest area (bed), with the possibility of using a common space for food preparation and personal hygiene, which lowers the default lower limit of interpreting the term "micro-housing".
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