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2013, vol. 66, br. 5-6, str. 263-267
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Lečenje opekotina u drevna vremena
Burns treatment in ancient times
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet, Institut za zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine, Srbija
e-adresa: marion.pec@gmail.com
Sažetak
Otkriće vatre u praskozorju praistorije pružilo je tadašnjem čovekolikom stvorenju koristi od svetla i toplote i istovremeno označilo početak lečenja opekotina koje su se zadesno dešavale. U Starom Egiptu doktori su pripremali lekove od biljaka, derivata životinja ili minerala ali su svi postupci bili praćeni magijskim ili nekim religioznim postupcima. Najraniji podaci o lečenju opekotina opisuju lečenje mlekom majke koja je rodila muško dete. Boginja Izis je pri tome moljena za pomoć. Neki lekovi i postupci su imali toliko zadovoljavajućih rezultata da su se koristili vekovima. U papirusu Edvina Smita (1 500 pre nove ere) spominje se lečenje opekotina medom i mašću. Ebersov papirus (datira iz istog perioda) sadrži opise o primeni blata, izlučevina, ulja i biljnih ekstrakta. Takođe se koristio med, aloja i taninska kiselina u lečenju opekotina. Stari Egipćani nisu znali za mikroorganizme ali su znali da med, plesniv hleb ili bakarni prah mogu sprečiti zagađenje opekotina. Za smanjenje bola koristili su majčinu dušicu, opijum i beladonu. U grčkoj i rimskoj medicini stavljanje zavoja natopljenog svinjskom mašću, smolama i bitumenom korišćeno je prema zapisima Hipokrata iz 4. veka pre nove ere. Mešavima meda i mekinja, kao i tečni rastvor izmira u vinu koristio je još Celzus. Med je bio poznat u ajurvedsko vreme indijske medicine. Ajurvedski zapisi Čarake i Susrute uključuju medom natopljene zavoje kao pomoć za čišćenje gnojavih rana i ubrzanje zarašćivanja. Lečenje opekotina u kineskoj medicini bilo je tradicionalističko. To je bila kompilacija filozofije, nauke i herbalne medicine. Zadovoljavajuće lečenje opekotina je počelo tek u novije vreme. Tome je doprinelo poznavanje patofoziologije povreda izazvanih toplotom i njihovih posledica, savremena medicinska tehnologija i napredak hirurške tehnike.
Abstract
Discovery of fire at the dawn of prehistoric time brought not only the benefits to human beings offering the light and heat, but also misfortune due to burns; and that was the beginning of burns treatment. Egyptian doctors made medicines from plants, animal products and minerals, which they combined with magic and religious procedures. The earliest records described burns dressings with milk from mothers of male babies. Goddess Isis was called upon to help. Some remedies and procedures proved so successful that their application continued for centuries. The Edwin Smith papyrus (1500 BC) mentioned the treatment of burns with honey and grease. Ebers Papyrus (1500 BC) contains descriptions of application of mud, excrement, oil and plant extracts. They also used honey, Aloe and tannic acid to heal burns. Ancient Egyptians did not know about microorganisms but they knew that honey, moldy bread and copper salts could prevent infections from dirt in burns healing. Thyme, opium and belladona were used for pain relief. In the 4th century BC, Hippocrates recorded that Greek and Roman doctors used rendered pig fat, resin and bitumen to treat burns. Mixture of honey and bran, or lotion of wine and myrrh were used by Celsus. Honey was also known in Ayurveda (Indian medicine) time. Ayurvedic records Characa and Sushruta included honey in their dressing aids to purify sores and promote the healing. Burn treatment in Chinese medicine was traditional. It was a compilation of philosophy, knowledge and herbal medicine. The successful treatment of burns started in recent time and it has been made possible by better knowledge of the pathophysiology of thermal injuries and their consequences, medical technology advances and improved surgical techniques.
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