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2017, vol. 59, br. 1, str. 98-114
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Bezbednost u tunelima - primer za simulaciju evakuacije železničkog tunela
The safety in tunnels: An example of simulated evacuation from a railway tunnel
Sažetak
Železnički tuneli kao specijalni objekti u smislu projektovanja i realizacije predstavljaju uvek otvorenu i aktuelnu temu. Posebno važan aspekt vezan za železničke tunele je evakuacija, zbog njihovih građevinskih i fizičkih osobenosti i nemogućnosti predviđanja potencijalnih katastrofa, kada je važno dopret i do ljudi koji mogu biti zatvoreni u tunelu i evakuisati ih zašto je moguće kraće vreme.Mogućnosti za evakuaciju u tunelima značajno opadaju u zavisnosti od uskosti tunela, mnogo bržim širenjem vatre i dima nego na otvorenom prostoru, dužinom tunela i mnogim drugim razlozima. Pored mnogih teorijskih proračuna i nedovršenih eksperimenata, jedan od najsigurnijih načina za predviđanje i realizaciju evakuacije je korišćenje programa za evakuaciju, kao što su Pathfinder, Evac Tunnel, Exodus i slični. Ovaj rad je napisan sa ciljem da pokaže realizovane simulacione rezultate evakuacije u program Pathfinder u slučaju železničkog tunela dužine 6100 metara sa evakuacionim izlazima na svakih 500 m i bez evakuacionih izlaza.
Abstract
Railway tunnels, as special structures in terms of design and construction always present an open and current topic. A particularly important aspect related to railway tunnels is evacuation, because of their structural and physical properties and inability to predict potential catastrophes, when it is important to reach and evacuate people possibly captured inside the tunnel in as short a time as possible. The possibilities for evacuation in tunnels significantly decrease due to the narrowness of the tunnels, faster spreading of fire and smoke than in open space, tunnel length and many other reasons. It is therefore obvious that prediction of potential evacuation situations could be very difficult and complex. Beside many theoretical calculations and partial experiments, one of the safest ways for prediction and realization of evacuation is the usage of software for evacuation, such as Pathfinder, Evac Tunnel, Exodus and similar. The purpose of this paper is to show the obtained simulation results for evacuation in software Pathfinder, in the case of a 6100m-long railway tunnel with emergency exits on every 500 m and without emergency exits.
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