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2016, vol. 58, br. 3, str. 113-128
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Internet stvari, lična i materijalna bezbednost
Internet of things (IoT), personal and material security
Sažetak
Pojava kiber napada nastalih upotrebom računarskih tehnologija u nezakonite svrhe obuhvata mnoge načine i oblike zlonamernog delovanja: širenje štetnih virusa, izazivanje kvarova mrežnog sistema, uništavanje podataka, prikupljanje i klasifikaciju privatnih informacija, širenje dezinformacija, remećenje procesa upravljanja, nadzora, kontrole prenosa podataka, navigacije, logističke podrške ili informacionih operacija. Svi ovi napadi, sa funkcionalnog aspekta, imaju zajednički modus operandi u vidu upada u sistem radi neovlašćenog pristupa. Stoga se u ovom radu polazi od pretpostavke da uvećavanje broja senzora i korisnika koji su sastavni deo razvoja interneta stvari podrazumeva i proporcionalni porast broja tačaka za eventualne upade u informacione sisteme. Pošto su sistemi za zaštitu računara digitalni, a samim tim i izloženi riziku od napada, računarska bezbednost postaje izazov za bezbednost informacionog prostora. Uređenje interneta na nacionalnom nivou, sa ciljem zaštite korisnika, jedan je od faktora borbe protiv kriminala, a shodno tome i element poboljšanja kvaliteta života društvene zajednice. Problem zaštite informacionog prostora proističe iz činjenice da se obim nacionalnih zakona završava na granicama države, i da država nema isključivu kontrolu nad internetom. Uprkos tome, način na koji će se uspostavljati poverenje između građana i države u praksi zavisiće od pravne sigurnosti građana u nacionalnom kiber prostoru. U tu svrhu, države, kao jedan od najvećih potrošača informacionih dobara i investitora u razvoj informacione infrastrukture, mogu da ukažu na određene slabosti interneta i njegovih karakteristika i na taj način izvrše promociju poverenja i transparentnosti, umesto neizvesnosti u primeni novih tehnologija.
Abstract
Cyber attack, as the use of computer technologies for illegal purposes, encompasses many modalities: spreading harmful viruses, causing network system failures, destruction of data, gathering classified or private information, spreading disinformation, disrupting processes of management, surveillance, control, transfer of data, navigation, logistic support or operations. All of them, from the functional aspect, have a common modus operandi in form of intrusion into a system for the purpose of unauthorized access and/or stealing data. This article starts from the presumption that multiplication of censors and users, which is integral to development of the Internet of things, includes the proportional rise in number of points for possible intrusion into systems. Since the computer protection systems are digital, and thus also exposed to the risk of attack, computer security presents a challenge for achieving an internal dimension of security. Arranging the Internet on a national level, with a goal to protect the users, is a factor of the fight against crime, and consequently of improving the quality of life. The principle problem arises from the fact that the range of national law ends with borders, and no state has exclusive control over the Internet. Despite that, the way that will establish the confidence of citizens in practice depends on the legal arrangement of national cyberspace. For this purpose, a state, as one of the largest consumers and investors, can point out to certain characteristics and in this way aid promotion of trust and transparency, instead of uncertainty, in the implementation of new technologies.
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