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2021, vol. 63, br. 1, str. 98-114
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Prototip sistema za rano upozoravanje na bujične poplave u brdsko-planinskim predelima zasnovan na internetu stvari
Early warning system prototype on torrential floods in mountainous areas based on the IoT
aVlada Brčko distrikta BiH, BiH bUniverzitet Sinergija, Fakultet za računarstvo i informatiku, Bijeljina, Republika Srpska, BiH
e-adresa: mdobrojevic@sinergija.edu.ba
Sažetak
Planinski reljef BiH i sezonska pojava velikih voda prouzrokovanih kišama ili otapanjem snega dovode do pojave bujičnih poplava koje su u poslednje dve decenije izazvale značajnu materijalnu štetu. Iako hidrološku situaciju prate Hidrometeorološki zavodi Republike Srpske i Federacije Bih, merne stanice su postavljene na većim vodotokovima, dok daljinski nadzor nad planinskim područjima podložnim pojavi bujičnih voda ne postoji. U ovom radu je predstavljen prototip sistema ranog upozorenja na bujične poplave zasnovanog na internetu stvari (IoT) koji može da prati stanje vodenih tokova na nepristupačnom terenu, i da funkcioniše nezavisno ili kao integralni deo postojećeg sistema odbrane od poplava. Osnovna jedinica sistema je automatska merna stanica (AMS) bazirana na Arduino kontroleru sa odgovarajućim senzorima, modulima i napajanjem. Malih je dimenzija i pristupačne cene, laka za proizvodnju i postavljanje, autonomna u radu i sposobna za bežični prenos podataka, što je čini pogodnom za primenu na mestima gde nije moguća izgradnja standardnih mernih stanica. Broj AMS u sistemu je fleksibilan i zavisi od površine teritorije i vodenog sliva na kojem se vrši monitoring. Veb-server sa namenskom aplikacijom skladišti, obrađuje, analizira i distribuira prikupljene podatke, a nivo pristupa se podešava u skladu sa realnim ovlašćenjima u okviru organizacione strukture sistema za odbranu od poplava. Implementacijom ovakvog sistema moguće je pratiti situaciju na nepristupačnim područjima u slivu i na osnovu nje proceniti vreme do nailaska poplavnog talasa kroz naseljena mesta, čime se obezbeđuje dodatno vreme za blagovremeno obaveštavanje, reakciju i zaštitu lokalnog stanovništva i materijalnih dobara.
Abstract
Bosnia and Herzegovina is predominantly mountainous country with many settlements located near rivers. The characteristic terrain and seasonal occurrences of large amounts of water, due to rainfalls or snowmelt, make Bosnia and Herzegovina a country at a constant risk of flooding. Although the weather and hydrological situation in the territory of BiH is monitored by two hydrometeorological services, one from the Republika Srpska and the other from the Federation of BiH, automatic measuring stations have been set on the main watercourses, while remote monitoring of distant mountain areas subject to sudden emergence of torrential waters has not been established. A prototype of an IoT based torrential floods early warning system presented in this paper could solve this problem, being capable of monitoring watercourses in remote and inaccessible terrain. This system may be set to function autonomously, or as an integral part of an existing flood defense system. The basic unit of the system is an automatic measuring station (AMS) based on an Arduino controller with appropriate sensors, modules and power supply. Being small in size and affordable, easy to manufacture and setup, autonomous in operation and capable of wireless data transmission, makes AMS suitable for applications where use of standard metering stations is not possible. Number of AMSs in the system may vary and depend on the size of territory and water basin being monitored. Web server with custom developed Web application collects, processes, analyses and distributes data, while access level is set in correspondence with real-life authorization levels within the organizational structure of the flood defense system. Implementation of such system may provide monitoring of the situation in inaccessible areas in the basin, and assessment of time remaining until the flood wave reaches populated places. This will provide enhanced situation awareness and an additional window of opportunity for timely notification, reaction and protection of the local population and material goods.
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