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2009, vol. 34, br. 2, str. 143-148
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Gajenje ozime pšenice u monokulturi i dvopoljnom plodoredu
Growing winter wheat in continuous cropping and two-crop rotation
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet
Projekat: Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. BTR 20138: Povećanje genetičkih i proizvodnih potencijala strnih žita primenom klasične i moderne biotehnologije
Sažetak
U dosadašnjim ispitivanjima uticaja plodoreda na prinos zrna ozime pšenice ustanovljeno je da su prinosi najviše varirali pod uticajem meteoroloških uslova. Zbog toga je u ovom radu ispitivan uticaj zimskih, prolećnih i ukupnih padavina na prinos zrna ozime pšenice u monokulturi i dvopoljnom plodoredu. Istraživanja se odnose na petnaestogodišnji period (1991/92-2005/06. godine) na oglednom polju Poljoprivrednog fakulteta 'Radmilovac'. Tip zemljišta na kome je gajena sorta ozime pšenice Pobeda, u uslovima prirodnog vodnog režima je izluženi černozem. Na osnovu statističke analize dobijenih rezultata, metodom analize varijanse, došlo se do zaključka da su prinosi ozime pšenice u ispitivanim godinama bili statistički značajno različiti. Na osnovu korelacione i regresione zavisnosti dobijenih prinosa zrna ozime pšenice od količine prolećnih, zimskih i ukupnih padavina ustanovljeno je da sa povećanjem količina zimskih padavina prinos zrna se smanjuje, posebno u monokulturi. Međutim, sa povećanjem količina prolećnih i ukupnih padavina prinos zrna pšenice se povećavao u oba ispitivana sistema gajenja. To znači da u ispitivanom području (centralna Srbija) uglavnom ima dovoljno padavina u zimskom periodu i svako povećanje količina može smanjiti prinos zrna ili čak ugroziti proizvodnju pšenice. Dakle, razlog nižih prinosa zrna ozime pšenice u ispitivanom području su uglavnom nedostatak padavina u prolećnom periodu, kada je biljkama voda i najpotrebnija.
Abstract
According to past investigations into the influence of crop rotation on yield of winter wheat seed, it was found that yields varied most depending on the influence of meteorological conditions. Therefore the influence of autumn, spring and total amount of rainfall on grain yield of winter wheat was investigated in monoculture and two crop rotation. The investigations are related to fifteen-year period (1991/92-2005/06) on experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture 'Radmilovac'. The type of the soil on which the sort of winter wheat Pobeda was grown, in conditions of natural water regime was luvic chernozem. Based on statistical analysis of obtained data, by method of variant analysis, it can be concluded that winter wheat yields in investigated years were statistically and significantly different. On the basis of correlation and regression dependence of obtained grain yields of winter wheat on spring, winter and total amount of rainfall it was found that increasing the amount of autumn rainfall, grain yield was decreasing, especially in monoculture. However, increasing spring and total amount of rainfall, wheat grain yield increased in both investigated systems of growing. It means that in examined area (central part of Serbia) there is a sufficient amount of rainfall in winter period and that every increasing of the amount can decrease grain yield or even endanger wheat production. Therefore, the reason for lower grain yield of winter wheat in examined area was mainly lack of precipitation in spring period, when water is the most necessary for plants.
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