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2010, vol. 14, iss. 1, pp. 61-64
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Packaging lifecycle assessment
Analiza životnog ciklusa ambalaže
aUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Serbia bUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Science, Serbia
email: vlazic@tf.uns.ac.rs
Abstract
Used and discarded packaging represents a significant environmental problem. In addition to the impact of used and discarded packaging, the entire lifecycle of packaging can affect the environmental disruption. Llifecycle begins with the production of packaging materials and packaging, continues throw the packing process, after which packaging protects product to consumption, and then continues its lifecycle as discarded packaging… In all stages of its lifecycle packaging has an impact on the environment, through the exhaustion of natural resources, energy consumption and pollution of air, water and land. To evaluate environmental suitability of each packaging material, balanced approach is required. Definitions and different models of lifecycle analysis as well as the procedure of evaluating the obtained data are given in the paper.
Sažetak
Osim pozitivnog uticaja na održivost upakovanih prehrambenih proizvoda, upotrebljena i odbačena ambalaža, može predstavljati značajan ekološki problem. Pored uticaja iskorišćene i odbačene ambalaže, na narušavanje životne sredine, u većoj ili manjoj meri, utiče i ceo životni ciklus ambalaže. Životni ciklus ambalaže počinje proizvodnjom ambalažnih materijala i ambalaže, nastavlja se procesom pakovanja, ambalaža zatim prati upakovani proizvod do upotrebe, te nastavlja svoj životni ciklus kao odbačena ambalaža. Da bi se ograničio negativni efekat koji ambalaža ima na životnu sredinu, neophodno je definisati ekološki status ambalaže kroz analizu životnog ciklusa U svim fazama svog životnog ciklusa ambalaža utiče na okolinu, kroz iscrpljivanje prirodnih resursa, utrošak energije, zagađenja vazduha, vode i zemljišta. Iako finansijski opterećuje proizvod, a može predstavljati i ekološki problem, ambalaža je neophodnost. Pri oceni ekološke podobnosti pojedinih ambalažnih materijala neophodan je pristup uravnoteživanja pozitivnih i negativnih efekata. Analiza životnog ciklusa ili ocenjivanje životnog ciklusa (LCA - Lifecycle Assessment) je proces izračunavanja, pri kome se analiziraju i sumiraju svi utrošci (inputi) i sve emisije (autputi) tokom životnog ciklusa određenog ambalažnog materijala. Pri ocenjivanju, vrednuje se potrošnja energije, emisija u vodu i vazduh, kao i nastali čvrsti otpad. Osnovna metodologija se sastoji iz rastavljanja definisanog sistema na komponente, tj. korake procesa, te merenja masenog i energetskog bilansa za svaki izdvojeni korak procesa. Sumirani rezultati se mogu prikazivati preko eko bodova, ili multifunkcionalnih indeksa. Krajnji cilj analize životnog ciklusa je smanjenje uticaja na životnu sredinu. U radu su date definicije i različiti modeli analize životnog ciklusa, kao i način vrednovanja dobijenih podataka.
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