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Organska proizvodnja lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja u Republici Srbiji
Organic medicinal and aromatic plants production in Republic of Serbia
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija
Sažetak
U Republici Srbiji, organska proizvodnja lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja u 2015. godini odvijala se na površini od 70,94 ha (2,67 ha u periodu konvezije, a 68,27 ha u organskom statusu), zauzimajući najmanje površine u poređenju sa proizvodnjom žita, voća, povrća, industrijskog i krmnog bilja. S obzirom da celukupni organski sektor ima tendenciju stalnog rasta, tako je i proizvodnja ovog bilja povećana za 10,01 ha u odnosu na prethodnu 2014.godinu, dok su u poređenju sa 2012. godinom površine uvećane za 42,54 ha. Jedan od regiona u Republici Srbiji, u kome nema registrovanih organskih proizvođača lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja u 2015. godini je Grad Beograd, dok su najveće površine skoncentrisane u regionu Južne i Istočne Srbije, sa udelom od 40,31 ha. Najveću organsku proizvodnju ovog bilja u Srbiji ostvaruju lavanda (23,45 ha), slačica (20,39 ha), smilje (9,95 ha), matičnjak (6,67 ha), kim (4,03 ha), neven (1,08 ha) i korijander (0,89 ha). 50% ukupnog prometa lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja u Srbiji ostvaruje se plantažnom proizvodnjom, dok se preostalih 50 % obezbeđuje sakupljanjem iz spontane flore.
Abstract
In developed countries around the world, the tendency of spreading and demand for medicinal raw materilars that originate from organically produced oil grows from year to year, with maximal compatibility with the laws of nature. This means such type of production, that will not violate the natural balance of surrounding environment, also maintaining salubrity of obtained derivatives that won't be contaminated by harmful materials. Because of these facts, predictions are that the whole production of medicinal and aromatic plants will be directed towards production that will be in accordance with organic methods of production in accordance with law, in the future. In Republic of Serbia there is still small number of producers that offer sufficient amount of medicinal plants for exporting. Organic production of the medicinal and aromatic plants in Serbia in the year of 2015 was spread across the area of 70,94 ha, which is the smallest area when compared to areas that are used for organic production of cereals, fruits, vegetables, industrial and fodder plants. By each passing year the sector of organic production grows continuously, so the areas covered with each type of crops keep gorwing, and so the production of medicinal and aromatic plants also has tendency of growth. In comparison, for the past year, those areas are larger by 100,01 ha. Southern and Eastern Serbia are the regions where the areas covered with this type of plant production are located, with a share of 40,31 ha in total, while the Vojvodina region, with a share of 30,33 ha, is at the second place. Lavender (23,45 ha), mustard (20,39 ha), immortelle (9,95 ha), balm (6,67 ha), cumin (4,03 ha), marigold (1,08 ha) and coriander (0,89 ha) are plant types with the biggest share in organic production of the medicinal and aromatic plants. Although the need for this type of organically produced plants keeps growing on the global market, domestic producers, in spite of favorable natural conditions, are still failing to secure sufficient amount of these plants.
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