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2013, vol. 17, br. 4, str. 141-145
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Potrebna energija gnječenja za deformaciju semena bundeve (Cucurbita pepo)
Squeezing energy requirement for pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) kernel deformation
Sažetak
Seme bundeve kao i pulpa se koriste još od davnina od strane ljudi zbog njihovih jestivih i medicinskih svojstava. Ulje koje se dobija iz semena se sastoji iz zasićenih i nezasićenih masnih kiselina. Najvažnije nezasićene masne kiseline čine palmolinska i stearinska kiselina (19,3%), a ostatak od 80,7% sačinjavaju oleinska (C18:1), oleinska (C18:2) linolinska (C18:3 i C18:3) i gadolinka (Gohari Ardabili et al, 2011). Ceđenje sirovog ulja bundeve se uglavnom radi pomoću presa koje gnječe seme, što znači da je u pitanju primena neka spoljne sile. Ta spoljna sila je sila razaranja semena prilikom pritisnog testa. Zbog toga je obavljen planski eksperiment naprezanja semena jednog hibrida bundeve na pritisak, kako bi se došlo do rezultata o njihovim intenzitetima. Materijal je bilo seme F1 hibrida Gleisdorf express (Saatzucht Gleisdorf GmbH, Austrija), proizvedeno u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad. Testovi su obavljeni tako da je beležena sila razaranja ovog semena pri četiri vrednosti vlažnosti zrna i pri tri vrednosti brzine kretanja pokretne glave instrumenta. Vrednosti vlažnosti semena su bile 6,0%, 19,8%, 24,0% i 30,5%, a brzine kretanja glave su bile 10 mm/min; 30 mm/min i 50 mm/min. Rezultati merenja su prikazani grafički, te se uočava padajući trend promene sile razaranja od vlažnosti semena samo pri kretanju glave od 10 mm/min. Maksimalna vrednost sile pri ovoj brzini kretanja glave instrumenta je 491,6 N pri brzini kretanja glave od 10 mm/min i vlažnosti zrna od 6.0%. Najveći intenzitet sile je zabeležen kao 493,51 N pri brzini kretanja od 50 mm/min i 488,37 N pri brzini kretanja od 30 mm/min, i to pri vrednosti vlažnosti uzorka od 19,8% računato u odnosu na vlažnu bazu. Pri istoj vrednosti vlažnosti semena uočene su slične vrednosti deformacije semena pri brzini kretanja glave od 30 mm/min i 50 mm/min. Poređenjem triju krivih deformacije semena i sile gnječenja pri vrednosti vlažnosti zrna od 19,8% konstatuje se da je ona kod brzine kretanja glave instrumenta od 10 mm/min bila 2,9 puta veća u poređenju sa brzinom kretanja od 30 mm/min; i 1,7 puta veća od sile koja je zabeležena pri brzini kretanja glave od 50 mm/min.
Abstract
Pumpkin seed and pulp has been used because of edible and medicinal values from ancient times as a source of quality oil and protein. Oil is consisting of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The mayor kernel composition of saturated fatty acids is palmitic and stearic acid (19.3% of the total) the rest of 80.7% are unsaturated fatty acids like oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) linolenic (C18:3), palmitic and gadoleic acids (Gohari Ardabili et al, 2011). The production of pumpkin crude oil is done by the help of equipment which squeeze the seeds by pressing using a screw press, actually this is the perform of external force. The slow loading compression test was done in order to gather information about intensity of force which raptures the single kernel of Gleisdorf express F1. The tests were conducted so that it was possible to identify the influence of seed moisture content and loading rates onto hybrid compressive behaviour. The range of kernel moisture content were 6.0%, 19.8%, 24.0% and 30.5%, and loading rates were 10 mm/min; 30 mm/min and 50 mm/min. The curve of rapture force versus kernel moisture content, express the decreasing tendency of force for loading rate of 10 and 50 mm/min as the moisture content increasing. Maximum value of force (491.6 N) was recorded an low moisture content (6.0% w.b.). The rapture forces had highest values of493.51 N (loading rate 50 mm/min) and 488.37 N (loading rate 30 mm/min) when moisture content was 19.8% w.b. The values of single kernel deformation were recorded at same moisture content for loading rate of 30 mm/min and 50 mm/min. The highest values of squeezing forces for tested range of kernel moisture content were observed during loading range of 10 mm/min. Specially, at kernel moisture content of 19.8% this force was 2.9 times larger compare to loading rate of 30 mm/min, or 1.7 times compare to loading rate of 50 mm/min.
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