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2015, vol. 49, iss. 4, pp. 1831-1843
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Human embryonic stem cells and patent protection
Matične ćelije ljudskog embriona i patentna zaštita
Project: Biomedicine, Environmental Protection and Law (MESTD - 179079)
Abstract
Given the importance of biotechnological research in modern diagnostics and therapeutics, on the one hand, and stimulative function of a patent, on the other hand, this work deals with the question of the possibility of pa-tent protection of human embryonic stem cells. Taking into account that this is a biotechnological invention, the key question that this paper highlights is the interpretation of the provisions of their patentability. Namely, thanks to the advanced methods of isolation, purification and preparation for implementation, modern patent systems do not exclude a priori living organisms from patent protection. Therefore, the analysis of representative administrative decisions or court rulings sought to define the criteria that would be applied in order to give patent protection to a certain biotechnological invention (stem cells) while others do not.
Sažetak
Polazeći od značaja biotehnoloških istraživanja u savremenoj dijagnostici i terapeutici, s jedne strane, i stimulativne funkcije patenta, s druge strane, rad se bavi pitanjem mogućnosti zaštite matičnih ćelija ljudskog embriona patentom. S obzirom na to da je reč o biotehnološkim pronalascima, ključno pitanje koje se u radu ističe jeste tumačenje odredaba o njihovoj patentibilnosti. Naime, zahvaljujući razvijenim postupcima izolovanja, purifikacije i priprema za primenu, savremeni patentni sistemi ne isključuju a priori žive organizme iz patentne zaštite. Stoga se analizom reprezentativnih odluka organa uprave, odnosno sudskih odluka nastojalo definisati koji su to kriterijumi kojim bi se jedan biotehnološki pronalazak matičnih ćelija mogao štititi patentom, a drugi ne.
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