2016, vol. 68, br. 6, str. 293-306
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Osobenosti džihadističkog terorizma
Specific features of jihadist terrorism
Sažetak
Politički fenomen poznat kao “terorizam” u poslednje vreme je sveprisutan i aktuelan u svakodnevnom životu, uz tendenciju da se sve više razvija i na njega obraća pažnja. Islamizam je naziv koji označava sve one političke ideologije koje islam ne smatraju samo religijom već su ubeđeni da predstavlja politički sistem koji treba da bude zakonodavni osnov, kao i da iz njega treba crpeti principe za društveno i državno uređenje zemlje. Prolivanje ljudske krvi povlači za posledicu kaznu i na zemlji i na nebu, ali su ratovanja muslimanske zajednice moguća pod jasno utvrđenim uslovima. Prema Kuranu muslimani moraju da se bore na Božijem putu i da im uzor bude Poslanik sa svojim ratni drugovima. Džihad je neprestano naprezanje čoveka da kroz život bude uzoran i dobar, borba sa unutrašnjim zlom, borba za moralnim življenjem, trud za činjenjem dobrih dela i učestvovanje u obnovi društva, na opštu dobrobit. Životne okolnosti vernika određuju značenje, pa džihad može značiti borbu protiv tlačenja i nepravde, ali i borbu za odbranu i širenje islamske religije, sve kroz propovedanje i učenje, a u slučaju nužde i oružanom borbom, tj. “svetim ratom”. Radikalne pristalice islama, pripadnici ideologije islamizma, veruju i teže da se u javnom životu primenjuju tvrdnje Kurana i imaju za cilj da njihova ideološka gledišta budu nametnuta i drugima. Temeljnijom analizom može se zaključiti da su SAD neposredno imale najveći uticaj na globalno širenje islamskog terorizma, gde su američki političari svojim političkim greškama direktno uticali da skrenu pažnju radikalnog islama na sebe. Pojava bombaša samoubica u akcijama jeste jedna od osobenosti džihadističkog terorizma. Međutim, nijedna svetska religija, pa ni islam, ne propisuje i ne podržava nezakonito nasilje, pa dolazi do zloupotrebe islama i u terorističke svrhe.
Abstract
The political phenomenon known as “terrorism” is lately omnipresent in everyday life, with an ever higher tendency to develop and attract more attention. Islamism is a term denoting all political ideologies which believe that Islam is not only a religion but that it represents also a political system that is supposed to be a legislative basis as well as the source of principles for the country’s social and governmental structure. Human blood shedding entails the punishment both on earth and in heaven, but the Muslim community can wage wars under clearly defined conditions. According to the Koran, the Muslims have to fight on the Path of God and their ideal have to be the Prophet with his war comrades. Jihad is a constant effort of the man to be exemplary and good during life; the fight against internal evil; the fight for moral living; the effort of doing good deeds; and the participation in the reconstruction of society, for the common welfare. Believers’ life circumstances determine the meaning, and thus Jihad can mean the fight against oppression and injustice, but also the fight for defense and spreading of the Islamic religion, through preaching and teaching, and if necessary even through armed struggle, namely the “holy war”. The radical followers of Islam, supporters of the ideology of Islamism, believe in and aspire to apply the assertions of the Koran in public life, and aim to impose their ideological views on others as well. Detailed analysis brings a conclusion that the United States have had the highest direct influence on the global spread of Islamic terrorism. Due to their political errors, American politicians have directly contributed to drawing the attention of radical Islam on themselves. Suicide bomber actions are characteristic for jihadist terrorism. However, none of the world religions, Islam included, advises or supports illegal violence, and therefore Islam is misused for terrorist purposes.
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