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2019, vol. 34, br. 2, str. 89-96
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Toksičnost različitih etarskih ulja za Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr, glavnog prouzrokovača raka kore kestena
Toxicity of plant essential oils to Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr, the causal agent of chestnut blight
aInstitut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd, Srbija bInstitut za proučavanje lekovitog bilja 'Dr Josif Pančić', Beograd, Srbija cInstitut za šumarstvo, Beograd, Srbija
e-adresa: ivana.potocnik@pesting.org.rs
Projekat: Proučavanje biljnih patogena, artropoda, korova i pesticida u cilju razvoja metoda bioracionalne zaštite bilja i proizvodnje bezbedne hrane (MPNTR - 31043)
Sažetak
Primenom makrodilucione fumigantne metode ispitana je inhibitorna i fungicidna aktivnost 22 uzorka etarskih ulja iz Nemačke i Albanije za Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr, prouzrokovača raka kore kestena. Efikasnost etarskih ulja testirana je na različitim koncentracijama (0,02, 0,04, 0,08, 0,16 i 0,32 μl ml-1 vazdušne faze) i na osnovu njih su određene minimalne inhibitorne i fungicidne koncentracije. Najjače dejstvo ispoljila su dva uzorka etarskog ulja nane i etarsko ulje crnog bora, sa minimalnim inhibitornim i fungicidnim koncentracijama od 0,02 μl ml-1 vazdušne faze za oba testirana izolata (M1 i 4S), zatim etarska ulja eukaliptusa, jele, žalfije i crvene kleke. Samo tri etarska ulja (dva uzorka nane i crni bor) bila su letalna za oba izolata. Etarska ulja žalfije i jele bila su toksičnija za izolat M1, dok su etarska ulja eukaliptusa i crvene kleke bila toksičnija za izolat 4S. Petnaest od 22 ispitivana uzorka etarskih ulja ispoljila su inhibitorni efekat: dva uzorka nane, crvena kleka, eukaliptus, crni bor, lavanda, žalfija, jela, tri uzorka bora, origano i dva uzorka ruzmarina, dok je sedam etarskih ulja ispoljilo i fungicidni efekat (dva uzorka nane, eukaliptus, crni bor, žalfija, jela i crvena kleka).
Abstract
Twenty-two essential oil samples from Germany and Albania were assayed to test their inhibitory and fungicidal activity against Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr., the major causal agent of chestnut blight on chestnut trees, using the fumigant macrodilution method. Test concentrations of the oils in air phase were: 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 μl ml-1, and minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were determined. The strongest activity was shown by two samples of mint oil from Germany and Albania, and black pine at the concentration of 0.02 μl ml-1 of air for both test isolates (M1 and 4S). The tested plant essential oils also included: eucalyptus, sage, silver fir and cade. Only three samples of EOs (mint (2) and black pine) were lethal to both isolates. Sage and silver fir oils were more toxic to the M1 isolate, while cade and eucalyptus oils were more toxic to the 4S isolate. Fifteen oils: mint (2), black pine, cade, eucalyptus, silver fir, sage, pine (4), oregano, lavender, and rosemary (2), inhibited the growth of Cryphonectria parasitica, and seven oils (two samples of mint, eucaliptus, black pine, sage, silver fir and cade) showed fungicidal effects on the pathogen.
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