2019, vol. 57, br. 7-9, str. 348-367
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Zato se spremi da odsečeš meso al' krv da nisi prosuo - pretium iustum kao kategorički imperativ
Therefore, prepare thee to cut off the flesh. Shed thou no blood: Pretium iustum as a categorical imperative
Sažetak
Ugovor o kupoprodaji je jedan od najstarijih ekonomskih i pravnih instrumenata koji, usled svoje veoma složene evolucije i uticaja na ostale konsensualne kontrakte, ima posebno mesto u nauci. Pravna priroda ovog ugovora, dileme u vezi sa njegovim poreklom, izraženi uticaj različitih pravnih sistema (u prvom redu grčkog) u njegovom oblikovanju, kao i veliki broj pravila u vezi sa bitnim elementima ovog kontrakta, odgovornošću prodavca i kupca i, najzad, njegovim brojnim modalitetima, opredeljuju autora da se pozabavi jednim posebno značajnim pitanjem razvoja cene kod kuporodaje. Pravilo da cena mora biti pravična (pretium iustum) danas se ne dovodi u pitanje i opšti je stav koji je našao mesto u svim građanskim zakonicima pa i našem Zakonu o obligacionim odnosima i Nacrtu Građanskog zakonika Srbije. Međutim, u ovom radu autor nastoji da ukaže na dug i relativno spor proces razvoja ovog pravila, na nekolicinu dilema i razlika u pristupu, posebno od stava klasičnog rimskog prava invicem se circumsribere do postklasičnog i srednjovekovnog laesio enormis. U tu svrhu autor je pokušao da osvetli doprinos rimskih juriprudenata, njihov način logičkog razmišljanja, doprinos klauzule quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona, i moralnog kategoričkog imperativa antičkih i srednjovekovnih filosofa, Aristotela, Cicerona, Tome Akvinskog i Huga Grocija. Taj svojevrsni pravnički kod poslužio je autoru da predstavi neprekinutu liniju odnosa prema moralnosti u pravu kojom su i mnogi veliki pisci, poput Šekspira, bili zaokupljeni.
Abstract
The purchase and sale contract is one of the oldest economic and legal instruments that, due to its very complex evolution and influence on other consensual counterparts, has a special place in science. The legal nature of this contract, the dilemmas regarding its origin, the pronounced influence of different legal systems (primarily Greek) in its design, as well as the large number of rules regarding the essential elements of this contract, the responsibility of the seller and the buyer and, finally, its numerous modalities, authorize the author to address a particularly important issue in the development of the purchase price. The rule that the price must be just (pretium iustum) today is not called into question and the general position is that it has found a place in all civil codes, as well as our Law on Obligations and the Draft Civil Code of Serbia. However, in this paper, the author tries to point out to the long and relatively slow process of development of this rule, to a number of dilemmas and differences in approach, especially from the classical Roman law invicem se circumsribere to the post-classical and medieval laesio enormis. For this purpose, the author tried to highlight the contribution of Roman jurisprudents, their way of logical thinking, the contribution of the clause quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona, and the moral categorical imperative of the antique and medieval philosophers, Aristotle, Cicero, Thomas Aquinas and Hugo Grotius. This kind of legal code served the author to present an unbroken line of attitudes towards morality in the law with which many great writers, like Shakespeare, were preoccupied.
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