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2018, vol. 65, br. 1, str. 293-305
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Životna sredina i pravna zaštita životinja u Republici Srbiji
Environment and legal protection of animals in the Republic of Serbia
Sažetak
Cilj ovog rada je bio da se primenom naučnih metoda istraži zaštita životinja u pravnoj legislativi Republike Srbije, kroz delikte o životnoj sredini. Iz rezultata istraživanja dobijenih primenom naučnih metoda pravno dogmatske, analize sadržaja, kvantitative, kvalitativne i korelacije, izvodi se nekoliko nalaza koji pokazuju da: u savremenoj pravnoj teoriji i zakonodavstvu Srbije se ne poriče pravo na zaštitu životinja, u okviru kodifikacije materijalnog krivičnog zakonodavstva Republike Srbije koja je izvršena 2005. godine. Krivično-pravne norme kojima se pruža pravna zaštita životinja nisu dobili na svom značaju, pre svega zbog njihovog normiranja u okviru ekoloških delikata, a ne u okviru samostalne glave krivičnog zakonika što bi bilo opravdano. Delikti protiv životinja svrstani su u glavu krivičnih dela kojima se štiti životna sredina u okviru sedam krivičnih dela, podeljenih u četiri grupe u zavisnosti od objekta pravne zaštite. Pravna zaštita životinja je disperzirana i propisana u nekoliko pravnih akata-zakona. Najviši pravni akt Ustav ne poznaje posebno propisanu obavezu zaštite životinja. Vremenski i prostorno određeno empirijsko istraživanje obuhvata osmogodišnji period na prostoru Republike Srbije, po parametrima koji se odnose na broj prijavljenih, optuženih i osuđenih punoletnih lica za krivična dela protiv životinja. Rezultati istraživanja u ovom radu ukazuju na negativnu korelaciju između broja podnetih krivičnih prijava protiv počinioca, podignutih optužnica i izrečenih presuda za krivična dela: napad na život, telesni integritet i dobrobit životinja.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the application of scientific methods of animal protection in the legal legislation of the Republic of Serbia, through assaults on the environment. Apart from the introductory definition of the subject matter, normative developments of all legal norms protecting the animal rights have been described as well. From the results of the research which were obtained through the application of legal and dogmatic scientific methods, content analysis, quantitative and qualitative description and correlation, it can be concluded on the grounds of several findings as follows: contemporary legal theory and legislation of the Republic of Serbia do not deny the protection of animal rights; within the framework of codification of the Serbian substantive criminal law which was performed in 2005, the criminal and legal norms providing legal animal protection have not gain their importance yet, primarily since they are classified under the environmental offences and not under an independent chapter of the criminal law which will be justified. The findings indicate that the loss of crime in the offences against life, physical integrity and welfare of animals make more than a half in the total number of criminal charges against the suspect charged with committing offences against animals.
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