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2015, vol. 62, br. 3, str. 645-660
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Ekološka zaštite poljoprivrede u pravnoj regulativi i sudskoj praksi Republike Srbije
Ecological protection of agriculture through Serbia's legal regulations and judicial practice
Sažetak
U okviru kodifikacije materijalnog krivičnog zakonodavstva Republike Srbije koja je izvršena 2005. godine, pravna zaštita poljoprivrede ušla je u ekološke delikte koji su dobili na svom značaju, pre svega njihovim normiranjem u okviru jedinstvene glave zakona i delimičnim pooštravanjem kaznene politike. Pojedina krivična dela koja su pre kodifikacije pripadala drugoj oblasti pravne zaštite, svrstana su u katalog ekoloških delikata, čime su ovi delikti po broju normiranih, zauzeli visoko mesto u odnosu na ostale grupe krivičnih dela. U okviru ekoloških delikata svrstano je ukupno osamnaest krivičnih dela, podeljenih u četiri grupe u zavisnosti od objekta pravne zaštite. U ovom radu je pored uvodnog pojmovnog određenja predmeta istraživanja, izvršena deskripcija normativnog uređenja svih ekoloških delikata, pri zaštiti poljoprivrede, istraživanjem njihovih osnovnih elemenata koji obuhvataju radnju izvršenja osnovnog i kvalifikovanog oblika, svojstvo učinioca, oblik vinosti i propisanu kaznu. Empirijsko istraživanje obuhvata četvorogodišnji period, odnosno period od 2009. do 2012. godine, po parametrima koji se odnose na broj prijavljenih punoletnih lica za krivična dela protiv kojima se ugrožava poljoprivreda, odnosno broj optuženih i osuđenih lica, prikazanim globalno i pojedinačno po strukturi krivičnih dela. Nadalje istraživanje obuhvata kaznenu politiku koja se odnosi na izrečene krivične sankcije, odnosno izrečene kazne zatvora i njihovu visinu, takođe prikazane globalno i pojedinačno po strukturi krivičnih dela.
Abstract
Within the codification of Criminal law of Republic of Serbia, which was conducted in 2005, legal protection of agriculture was introduced into ecological delicti which were then emphasised by having them unified in the sole Head of the Criminal code as well as by partially aggravating penal policy. Certain criminal offences, which prior to the codification were a part of a different field of legal protection, are now listed in the ecological delicti catalogue, and that positions them, according to the number of listed deliciti, on a very high place in comparison to the other groups of criminal offences. Within the ecological delicti, there is a total of 18 (eighteen) offences, which are divided into 4 (four) groups depending on the object of legal protection. In this paper, besides the introductory conceptual defining the object of research, we described the normative arrangement of all the ecological delicti, within the agricultural protection, by researching their essential elements which include the capital and the qualified form of execution, perpetrators features, type of responsibility and penalty. Empirical research covers the four year period, more precisely the years 2009-2012, according to the parameters related to the number of adult persons accused for criminal offenses against the environment which are endangering agriculture, or the number of accused and convicted persons, shown globally and individually according to the structure criminal offenses. Furthermore the research includes the penal policy which refers to the already stated penalties, that is- jail sentences and their duration, and that also is depicted individually and globaly according to the criminal offences structure.
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