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2022, vol. 17, br. 2, str. 439-450
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Liberalni protiv restriktivnog koncepta imigracione politike EU
Liberal vs restrictive concept of the EU immigration policies
aDžavni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Srbija bInstitut za političke studije, Beograd, Srbija
e-adresa: andrijanam0809@yahoo.com
Sažetak
Autori rada se bave imigracionom politikom u Evropskoj uniji, odnosno u njenim državama članicama kao sastavnim delovima složene zajednice. Osnovni cilj je da se utvrdi kakvu imigracionu politiku sprovode zemlje članice EU u zavisnosti od njihovog javnog mnjenja, njihove socijalne, demografske i ekonomske strukture, kao i kulturne, političko-parlamentarne i bezbednosne politike. Pretpostavlja se da bi se imigracione politike zemalja članica EU mogle istraživati na skali idealnog tipa, od liberalne do restriktivne imigracione politike. Na osnovu svih dostupnih kvantifikatora, odlučili smo se za MIPEX ili Indeks politike integracije migranata. Na osnovu MIPEX-a, jasno se može uočiti tendencija ka jednoj od graničnih imigracionih politika na skali koja se kreće od liberalne do restriktivne imigracione politike. Države članice EU čija je nacionalnost teritorijalno ograničena (nacionalne države, građansko-nacionalni princip) i koje imaju dugu tradiciju useljavanja teže da se opredele za liberalnu imigracionu politiku. Institucionalne mere kao što su izdvajanje sredstava za socijalne beneficije i efikasnost vlade ukazuju na stabilne sisteme socijalne države u kojima dominira liberalna imigraciona politika. Pored toga, zajednice koje su ekonomski jake i bezbednosno stabilne takođe pokazuju tendenciju ka liberalnoj imigracionoj politici.
Abstract
The authors of the paper deal with the immigration policies in the European Union, i.e. in its member states as constituent parts of a complex community. The main aim is to determine what immigration policies are conducted by the EU member states depending on their public opinion, their social, demographic, and economic structure, as well as cultural, political-parliamentary and security policies. It is assumed that the immigration policies of the EU member states could be researched on an ideal-type scale, ranging from liberal to restrictive immigration policies. Based on all available quantifiers, we opted for MIPEX or the Migrant Integration Policy Index. Based on MIPEX, one can clearly see the tendency towards one of the borderline immigration policies on a scale ranging from liberal to restrictive immigration policies. The EU member states whose nationality is territorially bounded, (nation states, the civil-national principle) and which have long immigration tradition tend to opt for liberal immigration policies. Institutional measures such as allocating funds for welfare benefits and government efficiency point out to stable systems of welfare state where liberal immigration policy is dominant. In addition, communities which are economically strong and stable in terms of security, also show tendencies towards liberal immigration policy.
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