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2011, vol. 26, iss. 1, pp. 35-42
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In vitro sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. verticillioides to carbendazim, tebuconazole, flutriafol, metconazole and prochloraz
In vitro osetljivost vrsta Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum i F. verticillioides na karbendazim, tebukonazol, flutriafol, metkonazol i prohloraz
aInstitute for Plant Protection, Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Zagreb, Croatia bUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia cSs. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
email: dario.ivic@hcphs.hr
Abstract
Growth of 13 F. graminearum isolates, 6 F. avenaceum isolates and 6 F. verticillioides isolates was analysed on potato-dextrose agar amended with 0.1, 0.33, 1, 3.3 and 10 mg l-1 of carbendazim, tebuconazole, flutriafol, metconazole, and prochloraz. Average concentration which reduced mycelial growth by 50% comparing it to control (EC50) was calculated for each isolate. Among fungicides tested, prochloraz was shown to be the most effective in growth inhibition of all three species, while flutirafol was proven to be the least effective. Metocnazole was more efficient in comparison with carbendazim and tebuconazole. EC50 values of all isolates on prochloraz were lower than 0.1 mg l-1, while on flutirafol they ranged between 1.66 and 8.51 mg l-1 for 18 isolates, or were higher than 10 mg l-1 for 7 isolates. EC50 values on carbendazim were 0.39-1.41 mg l-1 for F. graminearum isolates, 0.91-1.35 mg l-1 for F. avenaceum, and 0.47-0.6 mg l-1 for F. verticillioides. EC50 values on tebuconazole were 0.85- 2.57 mg l-1 for F. graminearum, 0.85-1.58 mg l-1 for F. avenaceum and 0.22-0.85 mg l-1 for F. verticillioides, while on metconazole EC50 values ranged between less than 0.1 mg l-1 to 1.66, 0.56, and 0.17 mg l-1 for F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. verticillioides, respectively. Average growth inhibitions of different Fusarium species and all Fusarium isolates together on different concentrations of fungicides tested were significantly different. Significant differences in growth were not determined among isolates of the same species on neither one of fungicides tested, indicating that no decreased sensitivity to the fungicides exists among isolates included in the study.
Sažetak
U istraživanju je ispitan rast 13 izolata Fusarium graminearum, 6 izolata F. avenaceum i 6 izolata F. verticillioides na krompir-dekstroznoj podlozi s dodatkom 0,1, 0,33, 1, 3,3 i 10 mg/l karbendazima, tebukonazola, flutriafola, metkonazola i prohloraza. Za svaki izolat izračunata je srednja efektivna koncentracija (EC50), pri kojoj je prosečni rast izolata bio inhibiran za 50% u odnosu na kontrolu. Prohloraz je bio najučinkovitiji u inhibiciji rasta sve tri vrste, dok je flutirafol pokazao najmanju učinkovitost. Metkonazol je pokazao višu učinkovitost u poređenju s karbendazimom i tebukonazolom. EC50 vrednosti svih izolata na prohlorazu bile su manje od 0,1 mg/l, dok su na flutriafolu varirale između 1,66 i 8,51 mg/l za 18 izolata, ili bile veće od 10 mg/l za sedam izolata. EC50 vrednosti na karbendazimu bile su 0,39-1,41 mg/l za izolate F. graminearum, 0,91-1,35 mg/l za F. avenaceum, te 0,47-0,6 mg/l za F. verticillioides. Na tebukonazolu EC50 vrednosti bile su 0,85-2,57 mg/l za F. graminearum, 0,85-1,58 mg/l za F. avenaceum i 0,22-0,85 mg/l za F. verticillioides, dok su na metokonazolu utvrđene EC50 vrednosti između manjih od 0,1 do 1,66, 0,56 i 0,17 mg/l za F. graminearum, F. avenaceum i F. verticillioides. Prosečne inhibicije rasta različitih Fusarium vrsta i svih Fusarium izolata ukupno na različitim koncentracijama različitih fungicida značajno su se razlikovale. Nisu utvrđene značajne razlike u rastu između izolata unutar pojedinih Fusarium vrsta na niti jednom od ispitanih fungicida, što pokazuje da ne postoji smanjena osetljivost na fungicide kod izolata uključenih u istraživanje.
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