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Mycoses of some significant medicinal plants in Serbia
Mikoze nekih značajnih lekovitih biljaka u Srbiji
Institute for Medicinal Plant Research 'Dr. Josif Pančić ', Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract
During the several year lasting investigation of pathogenic mycopopulation of the most important medicinal and aromatic plant species cultivated at the experimental field of the Institute for Medicinal Plant Research 'Dr Josif Pancic' in Pancevo and in cooperative production in Banatsko Novo Selo, Indija, Ruma, Gorobilje, Kacarevo, and Zrenjanin, was studied. Investigation covered following species: marshmallow (Althaea officinalis), coneflower (Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea angustifolia), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and garden sage (Salvia officinalis). From plants with different symptoms of diseases over 200 isolates of phytopathogens was obtained. From that number 166 of them were selected for further investigation. Mycopopulation of tested plants consists of a number of parasitic and saprophytic pathogens. It was concluded that the biggest number of isolates belongs to the pathogenic taxa Fusarium (F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. semitectum, F. verticillioides, F. equiseti, F. arthrospoiroides, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides and F. subglutinans) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In whole, 31 phytopathogenic species, belonging 20 taxa, were determined, as follows: 15 species from 11 Taxa in Althaea officinalis, 11 species from 9 taxa in Echinacea angustifolia, 14 species from 10 taxa in Echinacea purpurea, 13 species from 8 taxa in Hypericum perforatum, and 16 species from 6 taxa in Salvia officinalis. According to the point of isolation, pathogenic species were dominant in seeds of medicinal and aromatic plants and in lesser extent in roots and over-grounds organs.Tests for the evaluation of pathogenicity reveiled that all isolates of Fusarium species and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are pathogenic toward their host plants in controlled conditions. For the first time Erysiphe cichoracearum was recorded in St. John's wort, Oidium spp. in garden sage, and E. purpurea and Phoma sp. in marshmallow and coneflower, as well as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in E. Purpurea and E. angustifolia. Fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium also were for the first time recorded and determined to the species level. Pathogenicity of these important causal agents of different diseases in medicinal and aromatic plants was evaluated too.
Sažetak
Tokom višegodišnjeg istraživanja proučavana je patogena mikopopulacija najvažnijih vrsta lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja koje se plantažno gaje na imanju Instituta za proučavanje lekovitog bilja u Pančevu i kod kooperanata u Banatskom Novom Selu, Inđiji, Rumi, Gorobilju, Kačarevu i Zrenjaninu. Ispitivanjem su obuhvaćene sledeće vrste: Altheae officinalis, Echinacea purpurea i Echinacea angustifolia, Hypericum perforatum i Salvia officinalis. Sa biljaka koje su ispoljavale različite simptome oboljenja dobijeno je preko 200 izolata gljiva od kojih je za dalje istraživanje odabrano 166 izolata. Mikopopulaciju proučavanih lekovitih biljaka cine brojne vrste parazitnih i saprofitnih gljiva. Ustanovljeno je da je najveći broj izolata pripada vrstama gljiva iz roda Fusarium (F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. semitectum, F. verticillioides, F. equiseti, F. arthrosporoides, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides i F. subglutinans) i Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Ukupno je determinisano 31 vrsta gljiva iz 20 rodova i to: 15 vrsta iz 11 rodova na Athaea officinalis, 11 vrsta iz 9 rodova na Echinacea angustifolia, 14 vrsta iz 10 rodova na Echinacea purpurea, 13 vrsta iz 8 rodova na Hypericum perforatum i 16 vrsta iz 6 rodova na Salvia officinalis. Po mestu na kome su gljive izolovane, dominiraju vrste gljiva koje naseljavaju seme ispitivanih lekovitih biljaka, a u manjoj meri koren i nadzemne organe. Testovi za proveru patogenosti pokazali su da su svi izolati Fusarium vrsta i Sclerotinia sclerotiorum patogeni prema svojim domaćinima, u kontrolisanim uslovima. Po prvi put su na lek. biljkama registrovane: Erysiphe cichoracearum na kantarionu i Oidium spp. na žalfiji i E. purpurea, Phoma sp. na belom slezu i ehinaceama, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum na E. purpurea i E. angustifolia. Vrste iz roda Fusarium su takođe po prvi put determinisane do vrste, i ispitana je patogenost ovih važnih prouzrokovaca bolesti lekovitog i aromatičnog bilja.
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