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2016, vol. 8, iss. 2, pp. 193-216
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A cosmopolitan manual in decolonizing Africa: Fry&Drew's tropical architecture in the dry and humid zones
Kosmopolitski priručnik za dekolonijalizovanu Afriku - tropska arhitektura u suvim i vlažnim zonama prema Friju i Druovoj
Università Iuav di Venezia, Venice, Italy
Abstract
Edwin Maxwell FRY and Jane Drew are best known for their role in the construction of Chandigarh alongside Le Corbusier, however, their Indian experience was proceeded by a long career in West Africa that began during WWII and lasted until the end of the 50's. Fry&Drew were active in Ghana and Nigeria constructing an impressive amount of buildings: schools, universities, houses, villages, office buildings and museums. Their on-site experience was conceptualized in the book Tropical Architecture in the Dry and Humid Zones published in its final version in 1964. This paper aims to analyze the manual as an attempt to establish a cosmopolitan and modern design system specific for the tropical areas. An experimental and scientific approach that saw in climatic data a tool in the creation of a new rootedness of modern architecture not based on cultural analysis or vernacular reinterpretation but on the complex analysis of local conditions in order to provide inhabitants with suitable design solutions. Tropical Architecture in the Dry and Humid Zones as a manifesto of a regionalist modernism, two apparently opposite terms that find a reconciliation in a design system that seeks to build a new cosmopolitan modernity.
Sažetak
Edvin Maksvel Fri (Edwin Maxwell Fry) i Džejn Dru (Jane Drew), iako su poznati po svojoj ulozi u izgradnji Čandigara zajedno sa Le Korbizjeom, njihovom indijanskom iskustvu prethodila je duga karijera u Zapadnoj Africi koja je započeta tokom Drugog svetskog rata i trajala je do kraja 50-ih godina. Fri i Druova bili su aktivni u Gani i Nigeriji u izgradnji velikog broja objekata: škola, univerziteta, kuća, sela, poslovnih zgrada i muzeja. Njihovo iskustvo na terenu pretočeno je u knjigu Tropska arhitektura u suvim i vlažnim zonama (Tropical Architecture in the Dry and Humid Zones) konačno objavljenu 1964. godine. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da analizira njihovo uputstvo kao pokušaj da se uspostavi kosmopolitski i savremeni sistem za projektovanje specifičan za tropske predele. Eksperimentalni i naučni pristup koji je klimatskim podacima pronašao alat za stvaranje nove zasnovanosti moderne arhitekture ne oslanja se na analizu kulture ili reinterpretaciju vernakularnog, već na složenu analizu lokalnih uslova kako bi se došlo do odgovarajužih projektantskih rešenja. Tropska arhitektura u suvim i vlažnim zonama predstavlja manifest regionalnog modernizma, dva naizgled suprotna koncepta koja su pomirena u projektantskom pristupu kojim se pokušava izgraditi nova kosmopolitska modernost.
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