2012, vol. 53, br. 2, str. 102-108
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Određivanje nekih hemijskih i fizičko-mehaničkih karakteristika kože
Determination of some chemical and physico-mechanical indicators of Albanian leather
aTextile and Fashion Department, Mechanic Engineering Faculty, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
bIndustrial Chemistry Department, Natural Science Faculty, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
Keywords: leather; ISO standards; chemical and physico-mechanical characteristics
Sažetak
Ovaj rad se fokusira na merenju nekih hemijskih i fiziko-mehaničkih pokazatelja kao što su određivanje vlažnosti, pH, debljina, određivanje otpora opuštanja kože, određivanje zatezne čvrstoće i procenta istezanja u različitim vrstama albanske kože. Industrija kože je jedna od veoma važnih. Koža je jedna od preostalih prirodnih materijala u svetu teflona, gume i sintetičkih materijala. Iz tih razloga, koža je jedna od najvažnijih i upotrebljavanih materijala u raznim oblastima. Prilikom obrade kože prolazi se kroz nekoliko faza. Da bi se dobio praktičan proizvod polazeći od životinjske kože, ovaj materijal mora da bude podvrgnut brojnim procesima, koji su: čuvanje, potapanje, liming, štavljanje i dorada. Svaki od ovih procesa igra odlučujuću ulogu u davanju i očuvanju važnih karakteristika kože do krajnjeg proizvoda. Kontrola svakog od ovih procesa je veoma važna kako bi se izbegli nedostaci koji mogu nastati tokom ovih obrada kože, kao i da bi se stabilizovalo dejstvo visokih temperatura, mikroorganizama, itd. Urađena su hemijska i fizičko-mehanička ispitivanja prema ISO standardima. Izbor uzorka je vršen po slučajnom tipu. Procena nekih od ovih indikatora vršena je prema tehničkoj specifikaciji.
Abstract
This study is focused in measuring some chemical and physico-mechanical indicators like untanning, determination of humidity, pH, thickness, determination of leather side resistance along flexing, determination of tensile strength and percentage elongation in different Albanian leathers. Leather industry is one of the most important. Leather is one of the last remaining natural materials in our high- tech world of teflon, rubber and synthetic materials. For this reason, leather is one of the most important and usable materials in various fields. Leather processing from row skin/hide up to end product passes through several stages. In order to obtain such a versatile end product from a simple animal skin, this material has to be subjected to numerous processes, which are: preservation, soaking, liming, tanning and finishing. Each of these processes play a decisive role in giving and preserving important leather characteristics to the end product. Control of each of these processes is very important to avoid defects that can arise during these leather processing, as well as to make it more stable against of swell, decay, action of high temperatures, action of microorganisms (microbes and enzymes) etc. We did chemical and physico-mechanical analysis according ISO standards. Selection of tests samples is done in a random way. Evaluation of some of these indicators is done according to www.ctlleather.com/ctl_clearance_products in the absence of technical specifications.
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