2004, vol. 45, br. 1-2, str. 21-25
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Trendovi proizvodnje i primene ambalaže sa aspekta održivog razvoja
Trend of production and application of packaging from the sustainable development point of view
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Ekonomski fakultet, Subotica, Srbija
Sažetak
U vremenima nagle industrijalizacije, urbanizacije, razvijanja postojećih i osvajanja novih tehnologija, kao i porasta broja stanovnika - korisnika industrijskih proizvoda problem otpada postaje sve složeniji. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da priroda poseduje ograničenu mogućnost samoprečišćavanja (samoobnavljanja) i da je prema nekim materijama uopšte ne poseduje pokrenute sulu toku su mnogobrojne aktivnosti usmerene u pravcu zaštite obnavljanja i unapređivanja životne sredine. Posebna aktivnost odvija se u Međunarodnoj organizaciji za standardizaciju (ISO). Tokom 1991. godine Formirana je Strateška savetodavna grupa za životnu sredinu SAGE (Strategic Advisory Group on Environment). Na osnovu naglašene potrebe za tehnikama merenja učinka zaštite životne sredine i metodama za upravljanje životnom sredinom, po preporuci SAGE-a formiranje tehnički komitet ISO/TO 207-Upravljanje zaštitom životne sredine (Environmental menagement). S obzirom na specifični karakter na ambalažu se direktno Hi indirektno odnose sve oblasti delatnosti tehničkog komiteta ISO/TC 207. Na upravljanje ambalažom se odnosi vise direktiva EC, a može se utvrditi direktna veza kriterijuma "ekološkog balansa", Direktive 94/62/EC Evropskog parlamenta i Saveta i standarda JUS ISO 14040:2000, JUS ISO 14041:2000, JUS ISO 14020:2001 i JUS ISO Uputstvo 64. U raduje prodiskutovana primena JUS ISO Uputstva 64 na projektovanje, proizvodnju i primenu ambalaže s aspekta održivog razvoja.
Abstract
Recent intensive industrialization, urbanization, and improvement of already existing technological processes and introducing of novel technologies, as well as the increase of human users of industrial products, cause that the problem of waste materials becomes more and more complex. Having in mind limited capacity of selfpurification of the environment, as well as the complete incapability of nature to cope with some of man-made materials, the environmentalist's warning and the public pressure in general resulted in number of activities undertaken recently and directed towards the protection conservation, remediation and improvement of the environment and the nature in general. The special atention has been paid to the activities of International Standardization Organization (ISO). In 1991 the Strategic Advisory Group on Environment (SAGE) has been formed. On the basis of emphasized needs for elaborated techniques and methods of measurement of environmental protection efficiency and efficacy, as well as needs for environmental management methods, according to the SAGE directives, the Technical Committee ISO/TC 207 was formed. Concerning their specific character, packaging materials have been involved directly or indirectly in all aspects of activity of ISO/TC 207 Committee. Packaging management has been elaborated in the frame of several EC directives. Also, the direct link of criterions of "ecological balans" of the 94/62/EC Directive of European Parliament and the European Council, with the standards: JUS ISO 14040:2000 JUS ISO 14041:2000, JUS ISO 14020:2000, and JUS ISO Directive 64, could be recorded. This paper discuss the implementation of JUS ISO Directive 64 in the field of projecting, (design), production and the use of packaging from the sustainable development point of view.
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