2012, vol. 64, br. 1, str. 216-227
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Nastanak, razvoj i perspektiva Kosovskih bezbednosnih snaga na Kosovu i Metohiji
Formation, development and prospects of the Kosovo Security Force in Kosovo and Metohija
Ministarstvo odbrane Republike Srbije, Beograd
Ključne reči: Oslobodilačka vojska Kosova; Kosovski zaštitni korpus; Kosovske bezbednosne snage; KFOR; snage bezbednosti i organizovani kriminal
Sažetak
U poslednje vreme, analize, razni izveštaji i ocene stanja bezbednosti na Kosovu i Metohiji (KiM) raznih međunarodnih organizacija, analitičara i bezbednosnih struktura ukazuju na nestabilnu političko-bezbednosnu situaciju, razvoj organizovanog kriminala, pojavu terora i terorizma, etničko nasilje i jačanje islamskog fundamentalizma na tom prostoru. Te pojave, koje su razlog da se istraže uzroci takve bezbednosne situacije, navode na razmišljanja da je jedan od razloga i loše stanje u bezbednosnim strukturama koje su pod kontrolom pojedinih albanskih političara za koje se osnovano sumnja da su povezani sa etničkom mržnjom i organizovanim kriminalom. Međunarodna zajednica je na početku, u želji da stvori bolje bezbednosno okruženje i mir građanima Kosmeta, Oslobodilačku vojsku Kosova (OVK) transformisala u Kosovski zaštitni korpus (KZK). Nakon jednostranog proglašenja nezavisnosti, takođe odstupajući od Rezolucije Saveta bezbednosti 1244 a u skladu sa Planom Martija Ahtisarija, od KZK formirala je Kosovske bezbednosne snage kao preteču vojske Republike Kosova. Iako je ta namera međunarodnih institucija na KiM najverovatnije bila humana i usmerena na smirivanje situacije na terenu, to je, ipak, dugoročno, bilo loše rešenje jer je nekažnjavanje i nagrađivanje OVK prelaskom u nove bezbednosne strukture i političku vlast ohrabrilo i opravdalo njihovo političko nasilje i dalo podršku nasilnom separatizmu. Kriza u regionu zapadnog Balkana i dalje nije rešena. Na KiM nisu ispunjeni standardi kojima se omogućavaju bezbednost građana i izgradnja demokratskog, multietničkog i ekonomski održivog društva. Osim NATO-a, na tom prostoru ne postoje bezbednosne snage u kojima građani KiM vide zaštitu, već naprotiv, vide samo pretnju i nesigurnost. Zbog takvog stanja, ova i druge analize mogu da posluže kao platforma za diskusiju između nevladinih organizacija, organizacija građanskog društva i međunarodnih bezbednosnih i drugih institucija i za preispitivanje politike bezbednosti koju međunarodni činilac vodi na prostoru Kosova i Metohije.
Abstract
Recent analyses, different reports, and estimates of the security status of the Kosovo and Metohija (K&M) by different international organizations, analysts and security structures point to unstable political and security situation, growth of organized crime, occurrences of terror and terrorism, ethnic violence, and strengthening of Islamic fundamentalism in this area. These phenomena, which make the reason for investigation of the causes of such security situation, lead to speculations that one of the reasons is also a bad situation in security structures controlled by some Albanian politicians, for whom there is a reasonable doubt that they are associated with ethnic hatred and organized crime. With a desire to create better security environment and peace for citizens of Kosmet, the International Community earlier transformed the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) into the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC). Following the unilateral declaration of independence, and also deviating from the 1244 Resolution of the Security Council and in line with the Marti Ahtisaari Plan, the KPC was turned into Kosovo Security Force as a precursor of the army of the Republic of Kosovo. Although this intention of the international institutions in the K&M was most probably human and directed to settling the situation in the field, in the long run this was a bad solution, because the absence of punishment, and rewarding the KLA by promotion to a new security structures and political power, encouraged and justified their political violence and gave support to violent separatism. The crisis in the West Balkan region is still unresolved. In K&M, the standards which enable the security of citizens and building of democratic, multiethnic, and economically sustainable society, have not been met. Apart from NATO, there are no forces in this area which the citizens of K&M see as ensuring the protection; on the contrary, they see only threat and insecurity. Due to such situation, this and other analyses may serve as a platform for discussion between nongovernment organizations, civil society organizations, and international security and other institutions, to reconsider the security policy exercised in the area of the Kosovo and Metohija.
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