2016, vol. 55, br. 73, str. 105-116
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Legitimitet Vidovdanskog ustava i odnosi njime uspostavljeni
Legitimacy of the Vidovdan Constitution and relationships established thereby
Univerzitet u Prištini sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, Pravni fakultet, Srbija
e-adresa: sava.aksic@gmail.com
Sažetak
Vladajuće stranke iz Srbije su smatrale da je za donošenje ustava neophodno da za njega glasa većina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca zajedno, s obzirom na to da se radi o 'jednom troimenom narodu', dok su hrvatske i slovenačke stranke zastupale stav da ustav treba da bude donet većinom od Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca posebno. Ustav je donet na Vidovdan 1921. Godine srpskom i muslimanskom većinom. Ovaj ustav ipak nije bio legitiman, jer su se u njemu nalazile odredbe na osnovu kojihje donet, odnosno sam je sebi dao legitimitet. Osim toga, nije donet glasanjem većine predstavnika svakog naroda posebno, nego većinom predstavnika sva tri naroda, pri čemu su narodi imale različiti broj predstavnika. Po ovom ustavu teritorija države je bila centralizovana, crkveni organi nisu imali status državnih organa, a crkvi je priznat samo status autonomne organizacije. Ustavom je određeno da kralj nema nikakva prava mimo ustava, niti postoje prava koja mu se ustavom ne mogu oduzeti. Ovim ustavom je uspostavljena ustavna monarhija.
Abstract
The Vidovdan Constitution (1921) was the first constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians. Serbian ruling parties advocated that the constitution should be adopted in Parliament by a simple majority vote of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians all together, considering that it was to be the constitution of 'one nation with three names'. On the other hand, Croatian and Slovenian parties took the position that the constitution should be approved by a majority vote of each of the three nations (Serbs, Croats and Slovenians) separately. The Constitution was adopted on Vidovdan (St. Vitus Day), on 28th June 1921, by the Serbian and Muslim majority. However, this constitution was not legitimate, because the provisions it rested on were not approved by the parliamentary majority of each nation separately but by the parliamentary majority of all nations together, where the three nations had unequal number of representative. Under the Vidovdan Constitution, the territory of the state was centralized, church authorities did not have the status of state authority, and the Church was only acknowledged the status of an autonomous organization. This Constitution established constitutional monarchy as a form of government. It further envisaged that the King did not have any authorities outside the Constitution, and that there were no authorities that could not be taken away from him under the Constitution.
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