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2021, vol. 38, br. 3, str. 291-298
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Ultrastrukturna analiza površinskih promena na endodontskim instrumentima od nikl-titanijuma nakon višestruke upotrebe
Ultrastructural analysis of the surface changes on the nickel-titanium endodontic instruments after multiple use
aUniverzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet + Univerzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet, Katedra Stomatološka protetika bUniverzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet + Public Health Institute, Medical Statistics and Informatics, Niš
e-adresa: nenadstosic10@gmail.com
Sažetak
Jedan od primarnih ciljeva preparacije kanalnog sistema je efikasno čišćenje i oblikovanje kanala korena zuba uz održavanje njegove originalne konfiguracije. Brojne studije ističu prednost korišćenja instrumenata od nikl-titanijuma zbog niza prednosti, od kojih su najvažnije njihova visoka fleksibilnost i mogućnost prodora u najzakrivljenije kanale. Cilj studije bio je da se izvrši ultrastrukturna analiza površine ručnih endodontskih turpija od nikl-titanijuma pre i posle njihove upotrebe. Osamdeset četiri instrumenta bilo je uključeno u ovu studiju. Instrumenti su podeljeni u grupe i korišćeni jedanput, tri i šest puta, za preparaciju kanala korena zuba na ekstrahiranim gornjim premolarima. Analiza je izvršena na osnovu broja upotreba i veličine instrumenata. Analizirane su promene na ravnim površinama u žlebovima instrumenata, promene na sečivima i frakture. Ultrastruktura površine radnih delova instrumenata analizirana je na skening elektronskom mikroskopu (SEM). SEM analiza pokazala je nepravilnosti na površinama novih instrumenata. Defekti površine i oštećenja sečivnih ivica su bili prisutni već posle prve upotrebe. Nakon tri upotrebe, oštećenja su bila evidentnija i javljala su se kod većeg broja instrumenata svih veličina, a registrovane su i prve frakture. Nakon šest upotreba, svi instrumenti pokazali su oštećenje sečivnih ivica, a uočen je i značajan broj fraktura. Nepravilnosti na radnim delovima zapažaju se već na novim endodontskim instrumentima i vode poreklo iz procesa proizvodnje. Prvi znaci oštećenja javljaju se već posle prve upotrebe. Da bi se sprečile greške u kliničkom radu tokom preparacije kanala korena, preporuka je da broj upotreba endodontskih instrumenata bude ograničen.
Abstract
One of the primary goals in endodontics is efficient cleaning and shaping of the root canal while maintaining its original configuration. Numerous studies highlight the advantage of using nickel-titanium instruments and the most important is their high flexibility and the ability to penetrate the curved canals. The aim of this study was to analyze the ultrastructure of the surface of nickel-titanium endodontic files before and after use. Eighty-four instruments were included in this study. The instruments were used one, three and six times for root canal preparation on extracted upper premolars. The analysis was performed based on the number of uses and the size of the instruments. Changes on flat surfaces in the grooves of the instruments, defects of the cutting edges and fractures were evaluated. The surface ultrastructure was analyzed on a scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM analysis showed irregularities on the surfaces of the new instruments. Surface defects and damage of the cutting edges were present after the first use. After three uses, the damage was more evident in instruments of all sizes. After six uses, all instruments showed damage of the cutting edges, and a significant number of fractures were observed. Irregularities on the working parts are already noticed on the new endodontic instruments and originate from the production process. The first signs of damage appear after the first use. In order to prevent errors in clinical work during root canal preparation, it is recommended that the number of instruments uses should be limited.
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