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2011, vol. 61, br. 4, str. 405-414
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Serološka prevalenca Toxoplasma gondii i abortusi ovaca u Saudijskoj Arabiji
Serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and its association with abortion in sheep in Saudi Arabia
aKing Saud University, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia bKing Saud University, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia + King Saud University, Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
e-adresa: Mansour.hussein@gmail.com
Sažetak
Svrha ove studije je bila da se ispita serološka prevalenca kao i titar antitela na Toxoplasma gondii kod ovaca, praćenjem talasa abortusa i pojave mrtvorođene jagnjadi u jednom komercijalnom stadu u Rijadu, Saudijska Arabija. Indirektnim ELISA testom i indirektnim hemaglutinin testom (IHA) ispitano je 168 uzoraka seruma ovaca sa abortusom i 52 uzoraka seruma rasplodnih ovnova. Metodom slučajnog izbora, iz stada bez pojave abortusa, izdvojeno je 71 grlo (60 ovaca i 11 ovnova) i ova grupa je služila kao kontrolna. U stadu sa abortusima i pojavom mrtvorođene jagnjadi dokazano je, indirektnim ELISA testom, prisustvo antitela na T. gondii kod 149 (88,5%) ovaca i 42 (80,8%) ovna. U istom stadu, 155 ovaca (92,3%) i 44 ovna (84,6%), takođe je ispoljavalo pozitivnu reakciju u indirektnom IHA testu. Više od 80% ELISA-pozitivnih uzoraka imalo je O.D. preko 100%, a skoro 25% je imalo O.D. ≥150%. Rezultati IHA testa ukazuju da je više od 75% seropozitivnih ovaca imalo titar antitela ≥1:1024, uključujući 58 (37,4%) ovaca sa IHA titrom u opsegu od 1:4096 i 1:8192. Kod nekih ovaca, neposredno pre abortusa, registrovane su pireksija, depresija i vaginalne promene. Postmortalnim ispitivanjem 5 abortiranih fetusa otkriven je krvav eksudat u abdominalnoj i torakaloj šupljini kao i manji inflamatorni i nekrotični fokusi na mozgu, jetri i plućima. Placenta bila crvenkasta i trošna, a njeni kotiledoni su bili tačkasti sa malim beličastim mineralizovanim nekrotičnim fokusima. Tahizoiti T. gondii su dokazani u placentama dve ovce. U stadu bez pojave abortusa samo je 7 (9,9%) jedinki bilo pozitivno na T. gondii ELISA testom i 6 (8,5%) indirektnim IHA testom. U većini uzoraka vrednosti titra su bile značajno niže u poređenju sa prvim stadom.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate serological prevalence and titers of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in ewes following waves of abortion and stillbirths in a commercial flock in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples from 168 aborted ewes and 52 breeding rams, were tested for toxoplasmosis using an indirect enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). 71 randomly sampled sheep from an abortion-free flock (60 ewes and 11 rams) were also tested, which served as controls. 149 (88.7%) ewes and 42 (80.8%) breeding rams from the flock where abortions and stillbirths occurred were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies by ELISA. 155 ewes (92.3%) and 44 rams (84.6%), including all of the ELISA positive cases, were also positive by indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). More than 80% of the ELISA positive ewes had O.D. exceeding 100% and nearly 25% of them had O.D. of ≥150%. The IHA results, on the other hand, indicated that more than 75% of the seropositive ewes had antibody titers ≥1:1024, including 58 (37.4%) ewes with IHA titer ranging between 1:4096-1:8192 Pyrexia, depression and vaginal discharge were recorded in some ewes shortly prior to abortion. Post-mortem examination of 5 aborted fetuses revealed blood-stained fluid in the abdominal and thoracic cavities and small inflammatory and necrotic foci in the brain, liver and lungs while the placenta was reddish and friable, and its cotyledons were speckled with small whitish foci of necrosis and mineralization. T. gondii tachyzoites were demonstrated in placental sections of two ewes. By contrast, only 7 (9.9%) out of 71 randomly sampled sheep from an abortion-free flock (60 ewes and 11 rams), were positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies by ELISA and 6 (8.5%) by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test and most of these had significantly lower titers compared to the flock where abortions and stillbirths were recorded. These results constitute the first detailed serological study of ovine toxoplasmosis in Saudi Arabia and strongly implicate toxoplasmosis as the cause of the abortions and stillbirths in these sheep.
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