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2023, vol. 80, br. 1, str. 33-40
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Polne razlike osoba koje su izvršile samoubistvo u Srbiji u periodu od 2016. do 2020. godine
Gender differences in suicide in Serbia within the period 2016-2020
Vojnomedicinska akademija, Klinika za psihijatriju, Beograd, Srbija + Univerzitet odbrane, Medicinski fakultet Vojnomedicinske akademije, Beograd, Srbija
e-adresa: gdedic146@gmail.com
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. U svetu se izvrši oko milion samoubistava godišnje, što ukazuje na značaj tog problema. Cilj rada bio je da se prikažu polne razlike kod osoba koje su izvršile samoubistvo u Srbiji u periodu od 2016. do 2020. godine i da se ukaže na najvažnije trendove u prethodnih 10 godina. Rad je nastavak istraživanja samoubistva u Srbiji za period od 2011. do 2016. godine. Metode. U istraživanju je korišćena jednaka metoda kao i u prethodnim istraživanjima, sa podacima dobijenim od Zavoda za statistiku Republike Srbije, procenom polne razlike za ukupan broj i stopu samoubistava, sociodemografskih karakteristika žrtava samoubistava i metoda samoubistava. Rezultati. U periodu od 2016. do 2020. ukupan broj samoubistava u Srbiji iznosio je 4 752, od čega su 75,1% bili muškarci (m), a 24,9% žene (ž) - m : ž = 3 : 1. Godišnja stopa samoubistava je konstantno opadala od 2016. do 2020. godine i 2020. godine bila je najniža (13 na 100 000 stanovnika). Samoubistvo su najčešće izvršili oženjeni muškarci (43,4%) i udovice (38,6%), sa srednjim obrazovanjem, u penziji. Oko četvrtine (24,5%) samoubistava izvršile su osobe starije od 75 godina, a 42,6% osobe starije od 65 godina. Vešanje, davljenje i gušenje su bile najčešće metode samoubistva, 64% (m) i 54,9% (ž). Zaključak. Stopa samoubistava u Srbiji u poslednjoj deceniji je u opadanju iz godine u godinu. U periodu od 2016. do 2020. godine odnos stope samoubistva m/ž varirao je u starosnim grupama, od 2,4 u grupi starijih od 75 godina do 9,1 u grupi adolescenata. Program prevencije samoubistva u Srbiji prvenstveno treba da bude usmeren na dve starosne grupe sa najvećim rizikom od samoubistva, na grupu starih osoba i na adolescente muškog pola. Sveobuhvatni državni program prevencije trebalo bi da bude usmeren na edukaciju lekara opšte prakse za rano otkrivanje visokorizičnih pojedinaca kako bi im se pružila psihijatrijska pomoć, uključujući i podršku preživelima.
Abstract
Background/Aim. About one million suicide deaths occur worldwide annually, which indicates the importance of this problem. The aim of the study was to give an overview of the status of gender differences in suicides committed in Serbia from 2016 to 2020 and to highlight the most important trends over the past ten years. This investigation continues the previous one from the period 2011-2016. Methods. The same method was used as in previous investigations with data obtained from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, estimating gender differences for the total number of suicides, suicide rates, sociodemographic characteristics of suicidal victims, and methods of suicide. Results. Within the period 2016-2020, 4,752 suicides in Serbia were committed; among them, 75.1% were males (m) and 24.9% females (f) - m : f = 3 : 1. The annual suicide rate showed a constant decrease from 2016 to 2020, and in 2020, it was the lowest (13 per 100,000 inhabitants). Married men (43.4%) and widowed women (38.6%), retired, with secondary education most often committed suicide. About a quarter (24.5%) of suicide committers were older than 75, and 42.6% were older than 65 years. Hanging, strangulation, and suffocation were the most common suicide methods - 64% (m) and 54.9% (f). Conclusion. In the last decade, the suicide rate continued to decrease in Serbia year by year. Within the period 2016-2020, the m/f ratio of suicide rate in the age differences varied from 2.4 in the oldest group (older than 75 years) to 9.1 in the group of adolescents. The Suicide Prevention Program in Serbia should be primarily targeted at two age groups at the highest risk of committing suicide, the old adult population and male adolescents. A comprehensive state prevention program should include education for general practitioners for early detection of high-risk individuals to provide them with psychiatric care, including support for suicide survivors.
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