Effects of the inertial and gravity loads on ballistic movements

Leontijević, Bojan

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Godišnjak Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja

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Godišnjak Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja

2013, br. 19, str. 27-47

Efekti inercionog i gravitacionog opterećenja na balističke pokrete

Leontijević Bojan

nema

Ključne reči: mišić; sposobnost; sila; snaga; brzina; skok uvis; izbačaj

Sažetak

Problem u istraživanju je ispitivanje uticaja inercione i gravitacione komponente opterećenja na balističke pokrete. Uticaj komponenti opterećenja, u ovom istraživanju, ispitivan je na zadacima maksimalnih skokova uvis i izbačaja iz ležećeg položaja na klupi. Na taj način, ispitivan je uticaj inercione i gravitacione sile na dinamička svojstva mišića ruku i mišića nogu. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja korišćena je potpuno nova tehnika (trenažer) kojom se istovremeno ili selektivno uticalo na intezitet inercione i gravitacione komponente spoljašnjeg opterećenja. U istraživanjima je učestvovalo ukupno 30 ispitanika, studenata Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja. Ispitanici su zadatke izvodili u četiri uslova (nezavisne varijable): bez opterećenja, sa pojačanom gravitacionom komponentom (G), pojačanom gravitacionom + inercionom komponentom (G+I) i pojačanom inercionom komponentom opterećenja (I). Uticaj komponenti opterećenja na dinamička svojstva mišića procenjivan je na osnovu praćenja zavisnih varijabli u različitim uslovima izvođenja zadataka - Maksimalna sila (Fmax), Maksimalna brzina (Vmax), Maksimalna snaga (Pmax)... Dobijeni rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da G, G+I i I opterećenja različito utiču na performanse skokova i izbačaja. Povećanje inteziteta G opterećenja povezano je sa najmanjim izmenama u kinematičkoj šemi skoka i najmanjom redukcijom performasi skoka, omogućavajući istovremeno i najveći dinamički izlaz. Dobijeni rezultati ukazali su na značajnije efekte G i I komponente opterećenja na performase izbačaja u odnosu na dobijene efekte u skokovima. Dobijeni rezultati govore u prilog primene opterećenja koje potiče od G komponente (kao što su elastične gume ili elastične opruge), u odnosu na najčešće korišćena opterećenja tegovima (podjednak uticaj G i I komponente), jer će se na taj način obezbediti sličan intezitet sile ali u većoj brzini izvođenja pokreta.

Abstract

The purpose of this research is examining the influence of inertial and gravitational component of load on ballistic movements. The influence of load components has been examined in this research on the tasks of maximum jumps and bench press throws. In this way the influence of inertial and gravitational force on dynamic features of arm and leg muscles has been examined as well. For this research specially, a new technique (trainer) has been used in order to simultaneously and selectively influence the intensity of inertial and gravitational component of external load. The total of 30 respondents, students of Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, have participated in this research. The respondents performed the tasks in four set of conditions (independent variables): without load, with intensified gravitational component (G), intensified gravitational + inertial component (G+I) and intensified inertial component (I). The influence of load components on the dynamic features of muscles has been assessed based on monitoring the dependent variables while performing the tasks in different conditions: Maximum force (Fmax), Maximum speed (Vmax), Maximum power (Pmax)... The findings of the research have shown that G, G+I i I loads have different influence on jump performance and bench press throws. The increase in intensity of G is related to the smallest changes in kinematic pattern of the jump and the smallest reduction in jump performance, thus providing the biggest dynamic output. The findings point to the significant effects of G and I load component on the throw performance in comparison with the effects on jumps. Findings support the application of load originating from gravitational component (such as elastic bands or elastic springs), compared to most widely used weights load (equal influence of G and I component). This method provides similar intensity, but bigger speed of performing movements.

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O članku

jezik rada: srpski
vrsta rada: naučni članak
objavljen u SCIndeksu: 09.06.2015.

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