2016, vol. 62, br. 1, str. 83-96
|
|
Investicije, svetska privreda i siromašne zemlje
Invensment, world economy and poor countries
Sažetak
Svetski dohodak se nejednako raspoređuje između razvijenih i bogatih zemalja s jedne strane i siromašnih i manje razvijenih zemalja s druge strane. Siromašne zemlje u pokušaju razvoja svoje privrede nailaze na mnogobrojne prepreke od kojih su najvažnije rast stanovništva, deficitarnost resursa, nedostatak kapitala, nedostatak investiranja u ljudski kapital, oticije u infrastrukturu, nisko produktivna poljoprivreda i konflikti. Siromašne zemlje pokušavaju da razviju svoje ekonomije izvozom primarnih dobara kako bi ostvarile korist od izvoznih prihoda za nabavku kapitalnih dobara. Međutim, kolebljivost realnih cena primarnih izvoznih dobara na svetskom tržištu, koje se kreću i do 40%, onemogućavaju siromašne zemlje da u potpunosti supstituišu izvoz primarnih dobara uvozom kapitalne opreme, posebno kada je izvoz usredsređen na jedno primarno dobro. Da bi izbegle opadajući trend realnih cena i velike fluktacije cena oko tog trenda, siromašne zemlje, (primarni proizvođači) jedino mogu da ojačaju svoje ekonomije i povećaju privredni rast, u okviru svetske privrede, udruživanjem, radi obezbeđenja stabilizacionog mehanizma za određeno primarno dobro. Manje razvijene zemlje smatraju da će veći razvoj ostvariti usredsređivanjem pre na industriju nego na primarnu proizvodnju. Zbog toga one, usled nedostatka kapitala, pribegavaju nepovoljnom zaduživanju. Mnoge siromašne zemlje, ne mogu da otplate dug i traže reprogramiranje. Zbog toga, ekonomski je opravdano da one svoj privredni razvoj baziraju na neiskorišćene komparativne prednosti, strukturalnim prilagođavanjem kroz povećanje investicija, produktivnosti i efikasnosti. Siromašne zemlje zahtevaju pomoć putem međunarodnih transfera, jer smatraju da su se mnoge zemlje obogatile kolonijalnom eksploatacijom njihovih resursa.
Abstract
World income is unevenly distributed among developed and rich countries on the one side and the poor and less developed countries on the other side. Poor countries in an attempt to develop its economy faces multiple barriers, the most important population growth, deficiency of resources and capital, shortage of investment in human capital traditions, investment in infrastructure, a low productivity in agriculture and conflicts. Poor countries are trying to develop their economies exporting primary goods order to achieve the benefit of export revenue for the procurement of capital goods. However, fluctuations in the real prices of primary export goods on the world market that can range up from to 40%, disabling poor countries to fully substitute the export of primary goods import capital equipment, especially when exports focused on one primary good. To avoid decreasing a trend in real prices and large price fluctuations around this trend, the poor countries, (primary producers) can only strengthen their economies and increase economic growth of the within global economy, pooling, in order to ensure the stabilization mechanism for certain primary good. Less developed countries consider that achieve greater developments before focusing on industry than on primary production. That is why those due to a shortage of capital, unfavorable resorting to borrowing. Many poor countries cannot require repayment of debt and the rescheduling. Therefore, it is economically justified to those its economic development based on unused comparative advantages, structural adjustment through increased investment, productivity and efficiency. Poor countries require help through international transfers, because they consider that many countries have enriched the colonial exploitation of their resources.
|