2015, vol. 12, br. 2, str. 89-107
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Dugotrajni proces reformisanja ekonomije Republike Srbije u cilju postizanja makroekonomske stabilizacije - od tranzitornih promena do aktivističkog pristupa
Long-term process of reforming the economy of Republic of Serbia in order to achieve macroeconomic stabilization: From transient changes to the activist approach
Sažetak
U savremenoj ekonomiji koja je opterećena problemima poput neproduktivnih privreda, visokih stopa nezaposlenosti, konstantnih inflacionih pritisaka, velika pažnja se poklanja interakciji mera monetarne i fiskalne politike, u cilju postizanja makroekonomske stabilnosti. Nema univerzalnog modela vođenja ekonomske politike, niti u državama širom sveta, niti u srpskoj privredi, pa su kreatori ekonomske politike, tragajući za optimalnim modelom monetarne i fiskalne strategije i njihove sinhronizacije sa ostalim nezanemarivim specifičnim ciljevima ekonomske politike (u pogledu platnog bilansa, ciljevima vezanim za devizni kurs, raspodelu dohotka), sprovodili etapu tržišnih reformi devedesetih godina prošlog, a zatim i etapu reformi u prvoj deceniji 21. veka. Kako kvalitetna koordinacija monetarnih i fiskalnih mera ne može biti bez kvalitetne podloge, odnosno kako se ne može rekonstruisati i razgraditi prethodna privredna struktura, a da ne postoji strategija definisanja nove, tako se nastavio proces reformisanja i u periodu od momenta produbljivanja svetske finansijske krize 2008. godine. Republika Srbija, kao zemlja čija je ekonomija u dugotrajnom procesu reformisanja, teži boljem korišćenju komparativnih prednosti, podsticanju proizvodnje i zaposlenosti, adekvatnoj i planskoj alokaciji raspoloživih sopstvenih i zaduženih resursa, apsorbovanju nove tehnologije, intenziviranju izvoza, podsticanja investicija, i to uz konstantne potencijalne opasnosti koje povećavaju ranjivost ove male privrede. Čvrsti temelji jedne makroekonomske stabilnosti i discipline moraju biti u proizvodnji, pravilnoj alokaciji raspoloživih resursa, koja će pokrenuti privredu, a zatim i povećati stopu zaposlenosti, samim tim i nacionalni dohodak. od presudnog su značaja dobre projekcije makroekonomskih agregata, jer od njih zavise i javni prihodi i javni rashodi.
Abstract
In today's economy, which is burdened by problems such as non-productive economy, high unemployment rates, constant inflationary pressures, great attention is paid to the interaction of monetary and fiscal policies in order to achieve macroeconomic stability. There is no universal model of economic policy even in countries around the world, nor in the Serbian economy, and policy makers are looking for the optimal design of monetary and fiscal strategies and their synchronization with other non-negligible specific economic policy objectives (in terms of balance of payments, objectives related to foreign currency course, the distribution of income), implemented stage of market reforms of the nineties, and then phase of reforms in the first decade of the 21st century. How good coordination of monetary and fiscal measures can be no qualitative basis, or as it is not possible to reconstruct and degrade previous economic structure, and that there is no definition of the new strategy, and continued the process of reforming and in the period from the time of deepening global financial crisis in 2008 . The Republic of Serbia, a country whose economy in the long process of reforming, seeks better use of comparative advantages, encouraging production and employment, adequate planning and allocation of available resources of its own and charge, absorption of new technologies, intensifying exports, encouraging investment, and with a constant potential danger which increase the vulnerability of small economies. The solid foundations of macroeconomic stability and discipline must be in production, proper allocation of resources, which will run the economy, and then increase the employment rate, and therefore national income. of crucial importance of good projections of macroeconomic aggregates, because of them depend on public revenue and public expenditure.
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