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2019, vol. 34, iss. 1, pp. 39-46
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Antifungal activity of plant essential oils against Verticillium dahliae Klebahn, the causal agent of Verticillium wilt of pepper
Antifungalno delovanje etarskih ulja na Verticillium dahliae Klebahn, prouzrokovača verticilioznog uvenuća paprike
aInstitute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia bInstitute for Medicinal Plant Research 'Dr. Josif Pančić ', Belgrade, Serbia
email: ivana.potocnik@pesting.org.rs
Abstract
Biofungicides based on plant oils have some advantages compared to chemical fungicides, especially considering their harmful effect on the environment. Twenty-two essential oils from Germany and Albania were assayed for inhibitory and fungicidal activity against Verticillium dahliae Klebahn, the causal agent of Verticillium wilt of pepper, using the macrodilution fumigant method. The concentrations of oils obtained in the vapour phase were: 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 μl ml-1 with determined minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations. The strongest activity was shown by two samples of mint oil (Mentha piperita L.) at 0.02 μl ml-1 of air, both from Germany and Albania, followed by plant essential oils of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labilardie), black pine (Pinus nigra L.) and cade (Juniperus oxycedrus L.), and all of them were lethal to the pathogen. Nine oils: two samples of mint, cade, eucalyptus, black pine, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) inhibited the growth of Verticillium dahliae, while five oils (two samples of mint, eucalyptus, black pine and cade) showed fungicidal effects on the pathogen. These results showed that mint, eucalyptus, black pine and cade essential oils have a potential for further in vivo experiments against Verticillium dahliae.
Sažetak
Biofungicidi bazirani na biljnim uljima imaju prednost u odnosu na hemijske fungicide, posebno kada se uzme u obzir njihovo štetno dejstvo na životnu sredinu. Primenom makrodilucione fumigantne metode ispitana je inhibitorna i fungicidna aktivnost 22 etarska ulja iz Nemačke i Albanije na Verticillium dahlia Klebahn, prouzrokovača verticilioznog uvenuća paprike. Efikasnost etarskih ulja testirana je na različitim koncetracijama (0,02; 0,04; 0,08; 0,16 i 0,32 μl ml-1 vazdušne faze) i na osnovu njih su određene minimalne inhibitorne i fungicidne koncetracije. Najjače dejstvo ispoljila su dva uzorka etarskog ulja nane (iz Nemačke i Albanije), oba sa minimalnim inhibitornim i fungicidnim koncetracijama od 0,02 μl ml-1 vazdušne faze, zatim etarska ulja eukaliptusa, crnog bora i crvene kleke. Sva nabrojana ulja bila su letalna za patogenu gljivu. Devet od 22 ispitivana etarska ulja ispoljila su inhibitorni efekat: dva uzorka nane, crvena kleka, eukaliptus, crni bor, lavanda, žalfija i ruzmarin, dok je pet etarskih ulja ispoljilo i fungicidni efekat (dva uzorka nane, eukaliptus, crni bor i crvena kleka). Rezultati ukazuju da su ulja nane, eukaliptusa, crnog bora i crvene kleke pogodna za dalja ispitivanja in vivo testovima protiv prouzrokovača verticilioznog uvenuća paprike (Verticillium dahlia).
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