- citati u SCIndeksu: 0
- citati u CrossRef-u:0
- citati u Google Scholaru:[
 ]
- posete u poslednjih 30 dana:0
- preuzimanja u poslednjih 30 dana:0
|
|
|
2013, br. 33, str. 119-131
|
|
Komparativna analiza agenasa za biološku kontrolu patogenih gljiva izolovanih sa lekovitih biljaka
Comparative analysis of agents for biological control of pathogenic fungi isolated from medicinal plants
Institut za proučavanje lekovitog bilja 'Dr Josif Pančić', Beograd, Srbija
Sažetak
Ispitivanjem mikopopulacije na određenom lekovitom bilju utvrđene su mešovite infekcije gljivama iz različitih rodova, ali većina pripada rodu Fusarium, potom Aspergillus i Alternaria koji su potencijalni producenti mnogih mikotoksina. U cilju prevencije i zaštite lekovitog bilja biološkom kontrolom tj. primenom preparata prirodnog porekla, ispitivali smo mogućnost primene etarskih ulja i izolata Bacillus sp. Sva testirana etarska ulja su pokazala antifungalnu aktivnost na sve fitopatogene gljive sa različitim stepenom inhibitorne aktivnosti. Etarska ulja čubra, origana i timijana pokazala su najveći antifungalni potencijal na sve testirane gljive, dok je etarsko ulje vetivera ispoljlo najslabiju inhibitornu aktivnost. Ispitivanjem sinergističke aktivnosti odabranih etarskih ulja može se reći da su kombinacije ulja ispoljile bolju antifungalnu aktivnost nego kada su ulja ispitivana pojedinačno. Ispitivanjem antagonističke aktivnosti 14 izolata Bacillus sp. prema odabranim gljivama pokazan je različit stepen inhibicije prema različitim vrstama testiranih gljiva. Najbolji antagonizam ispoljili su izolati SS-12.6, SS-13-1, SS-27.7, SS-38.3, SS-38.4 i SS-40.2, kao i lipopeptidni ekstrakt izolovan iz Bacillus sp. SS-12.6. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da etarska ulja i izolati Bacillus sp. predstavljaju dobru osnovu za potencijalnu formulaciju preparata sa efikasnošću u kontroli fitopatogenih gljiva, bilo prevencijom kontaminacije u polju, ili dekontaminacijom u zatvorenom prostoru.
Abstract
Biological control involves the use of beneficial microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, fungi) or the products of their metabolism, as well as the application of plant extracts and essential oils as alternative measures in plant protection. Examining over 40 stored dried medicinal plant species the lowest microbial quality were determined for corn silk, mint herb and leaf, nettle leaf, horsetail herb and marigold flower. Although mixed infections was recorded with different types of fungus the Fusarium was noted as the most dominant genera for most tested drugs, followed by Aspergillus and Alternaria. In order to find an effective biological control agent, we investigated the possibility of applying the 22 essential oils and 14 isolates of Bacillus sp. in the control of selected identified fungi. All tested essential oils showed antifungal activity on pathogenic fungi isolated from herbal drugs, but with varying degrees of inhibitory activity. Savory, oregano and thyme oil, with phenols as the dominant component, were the most effective, while vetiver oil, and those from Citrus species, with dominant monoterpen hydrocarbons, were the least effective against pathogenic fungi. According to the results of tested synergistic activity of selected essential oils, combination of essential oils exhibited better antifungal activity than when they were tested individually. Using in vitro, dual cultivation assay, Bacillus sp. isolates showed various degree of antagonistic activity against different types of plant pathogenic fungi. The best antagonism showed isolates SS- 12.6, SS-13-1, SS-27.7, SS-38.3, SS-38.4 and SS-40.2, as well as lipopeptide extract isolated from Bacillus sp. SS-12.6. Isolates were more effective in the presence of selected essential oils, than when tested individually, with particular exceptions. Based on the results obtained in this work we conclude that the essential oils of savory, oregano, thyme and roses, as well as Bacillus sp. isolate SS-12.6 and its lipopeptide extract, represent a good basis for the formulation of products with potential efficacy in the control of plant pathogenic fungi, either in preventing the contamination in the field, or via indoors decontamination.
|
|
|
|
Reference
|
|
1   
|
Arrebola, E., Sivakumar, D., Bacigalupo, R., Korsten, L. (2010) Combined application of antagonist Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and essential oils for the control of peach postharvest diseases. Crop Protection, 29(4): 369-377
|
|
|
Carmo, E.S., de Lima, E.O., de Souza, E.L. (2008) The potential of Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil in inhibiting the growth of some food-related Aspergillus species. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 39(2): 362-367
|
|
|
Droby, S. (2006) Improving quality and safety of fresh fruit and vegetables afterharvest by the use of biocontrol agents and natural materials. Acta Horticulturae, 709: 45-51
|
|
|
Dubey, K., Kumar, A., Singh, P., Shukla, R. (2008) Microbial contamination of raw materials: A major reason for the decline of India's share in the global herbal market. Current Science, (95): 717-719
|
|
4 
|
Grahovac, M., Inđić, D., Lazić, S., Vuković, S. (2009) Biofungicidi i mogućnosti primene u savremenoj poljoprivredi. Pesticidi i fitomedicina, vol. 24, br. 4, str. 245-258
|
|
|
IARC (1993) Some naturally occurring substances: Food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. u: IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans 56, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 489-521
|
|
5
|
Kalemba, D., Kunicka, A. (2003) Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 10(10): 813-829
|
|
|
Klich, M.A., Arthur, K.S., Lax, A.R., Bland, J.M. (1994) Iturin A: A potential new fungicide for stored grains. Mycopathologia, 127(2): 123-127
|
|
|
Maget-Dana, R., Thimon, L., Peypoux, F., Ptak, M. (1992) Surfactin/iturin A interactions may explain the synergistic effect of surfactin on the biological properties of iturin A. Biochimie, 74(12): 1047-1051
|
|
|
Maget-Dana, R., Peypoux, F. (1994) Iturins, a special class of pore-forming lipopeptides: biological and physicochemical properties. Toxicology, 87(1-3): 151-174
|
|
3
|
Nychas, G.J.E. (1995) Natural antimicrobials from plants. u: New Methods of Food Preservation, str. 58-89
|
|
|
Rasooli, I., Abyaneh, M.R. (2004) Inhibitory effects of Thyme oils on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus. Food Control, 15(6): 479-483
|
|
|
Reddy, K. R. N., Reddy, C. S., Abbas, H. K., Abel, C. A., Muralidharan, K. (2008) Mycotoxigenic fungi, mycotoxins, and management of rice grains. Toxin Reviews, 27(3-4): 287-317
|
|
|
Rota, M.C., Herrera, A., Martínez, R.M., Sotomayor, J.A., Jordán, M.J. (2008) Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis and Thymus hyemalis essential oils. Food Control, 19(7): 681-687
|
|
1
|
Sharma, R.R., Singh, D., Singh, R. (2009) Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables by microbial antagonists: A review. Biological Control, 50(3): 205-221
|
|
3
|
Stević, T., Pavlović, S., Stanković, S., Šavikin, K. (2012) Pathogenic microorganisms of medicinal herbal drugs. Archives of Biological Sciences, vol. 64, br. 1, str. 49-58
|
|
2
|
Trucksess, M.W., Scott, P.M. (2008) Mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits: A review. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 25(2): 181-192
|
|
|
Vollenbroich, D., Pauli, G., Ozel, M., Vater, J. (1997) Antimycoplasma properties and application in cell culture of surfactin, a lipopeptide antibiotic from Bacillus subtilis. Applied and environmental microbiology / Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63(1): 44-9
|
|
|
Zuzarte, M., Goncalves, M.J., Cavaleiro, C., Canhoto, J., Vale-Silva, L., Silva, M.J., Pinto, E., Salgueiro, L. (2011) Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of Lavandula viridis L'Her. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 60(5): 612-618
|
|
|
|
|