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2020, vol. 22, br. 2, str. 15-29
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Transformacija bankarskog sistema Srbije - dvadeset godina kasnije
Transformation of the Serbian banking system: Twenty years later
Projekat: Istraživanja realizovana u okviru rada su potpomognuta sredstvima Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
Sažetak
Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže promene koje su nastale u bankarskom sektoru Srbije nakon začetka njegove transformacije, a sa posebnim osvrtom na poslednju deceniju razvoja. Dvadeset godina nakon početka transformacije, osnovna obeležja sistema su konsolidacije banaka, dominantno strano vlasništvo, povećanja svih bankarskih agregata merenim apsolutnim vrednostima, pre svega aktive, kapitala, depozita po svim vrstama, svih kredita. Takođe je zabeležen trend rasta profitabilnosti, likvidnosti i adekvatnosti kapitala sektora. Uporedo sa smanjenjem broja banaka, vlasnička struktura je promenjena ka dominantno stranom kapitalu, ali se stepen koncentracije nije drastično promenio. Međutim, učešće prvih 5 banaka u ukupnoj aktivi je bilo konstantno iznad 50%, što ukazuje na činjenicu da je bankarski sektor Srbije izuzetno fragmentisan, jer postoji značajan broj banaka s tržišnim učešćem koje je ispod 2%.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the changes that have occurred in the banking sector of Serbia after the beginning of its transformation, with special emphasis to the last decade of development. Twenty years after the beginning of the transformation, the fundamental features of the system are consolidation, foreign ownership, increases of all banking aggregates measured by absolute values, primarily assets, capital, deposits and loans. Also, a trend of growth in profitability, liquidity and capital adequacy of the sector was recorded. Along with the decrease in the number of banks, the ownership structure changed to predominantly foreign capital, but the degree of concentration did not change drastically. However, the share of the first 5 banks in total assets was constantly above 50%, which indicates the fact that the banking sector of Serbia is extremely fragmented, because there is a significant number of banks with a market share below 2%.
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