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2019, vol. 56, br. 1, str. 7-12
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Bankoosiguranje kao finansijski instrument u upravljanju rizicima u poljoprivredi
Bankassurance as financial instrument in agricultural risk management
Projekat: Project APV 114-451-2180/2016 titled "Cultivation of forage crops in crop rotation in order to increase soil fertility and biodiversity in agro-ecological conditions of Vojvodina", funded by the Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research of AP Vojvodina Održiva poljoprivreda i ruralni razvoj u funkciji ostvarivanja strateških ciljeva Republike Srbije u okviru dunavskog regiona (MPNTR - 46006)
Sažetak
Značajan problem u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji od davnina predstavlja rizik od nastupanja nekog štetnog događaja (grad, mraz, poplava, suša, oluja itd.), koji izaziva katastrofalne posledice. Sa druge strane, poljoprivredna Proizvodnja predstavlja specifičnu oblast poslovanja na koju snažno dejstvo takođe imaju i tržišni, finansijski i institucionalni faktori. To su sve opasnosti koje ne zavise od volje čoveka i njegovog rada, te je poljoprivredniku neophodno da prepozna i predviđa rizike. Za smanjenje i otklanjanje posledica od mogućih gubitaka u proizvodnji koriste se razne ekonomske mere, a bankoosiguranje predstavlja jedan od novih proizvoda za upravljanje rizicima. To proizilazi iz činjenice da se u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji javlja potreba da se kroz obezbeđivanje finansijskih sredstava za pokretanje neke proizvodnje, stvori mogućnost da se istovremeno vrši i njeno osiguranje od potencijalnih rizika. Bankoosiguranje (kredit sa osiguranjem) predstavlja finansijski instrument kojim se integriše bankarska i osiguravajuća ponuda na zajedničkom finansijskom tržištu, a za poljoprivrednika ovaj tržišni proizvod predstavlja kombinaciju kredita i osiguranja kojim on može da stabilizuje svoje prihode, ali i da osigura uloženi kapital u proizvodnju. Autori ovoga rada sa teorijskog aspekta objašnjavaju karakteristike i prednosti bankoosiguranja, kao i zadatke koje preuzimaju tri osnovna učesnika u ovom poslu — poljoprivredni proizvođač, banka i osiguravajuća kuća. Sa druge strane, daje se praktičan primer korišćenja bankoosiguranja u poljoprivredi i ukazuje na konkretne prednosti koje imaju poljoprivrednici, a koje se prevashodno ogledaju kroz povoljniju cenu usluge kojom se istovremeno štite od više izvora rizika (finansijskih, proizvodnih i tržišnih), ali i dodatnu sigurnost kroz osiguranje svoje proizvodnje.
Abstract
One of the very important problems in the agricultural production that existed for a long time is the risk from some weather adversity (hail, frost, flood, drought, storm, etc.), that is responsible for catastrophic consequences. On the other side, agricultural production is a specific area of business that is also strongly influenced by market, financial and institutional factors. These are all the dangers that do not depend on the will of man and his work, therefore it is necessary for farmers to recognize and predict the risks. There are different economic tools, which could be used to reduce the consequences from possible losses and bankassurance presents one of new products of risk management. It arises from the fact that there is need in agricultural production, through the provision of financial resources for the start of some production, also to provide simultaneously insurance against potential risks. Bankassurance is a financial instrument that integrates banking and insurance offer in the common financial market, and for farmers, this product is a combination of loans and insurance that can stabilize its revenues, but also to secure invested capital in the production. This paper presents the characteristics and advantages of bankassurance, i.e. the assignments of all three primary participants in this activity — the farmer, the bank and the insurance company. On the other side, a practical example of using bankassurance in agriculture is given and the specific advantages for farmers that are primarily connected with more favorable price of this new product are pointed out (simultaneously protects from several sources of risk - financial, production and market), but there is also additional security through the agricultural insurance.
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