2019, vol. 65, br. 2, str. 109-120
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Pravo na socijalnu zaštitu u kontekstu novih zakonskih rešenja u Republici Srbiji
Social protection rights in the context of new legislative solutions in the Republic of Serbia
Sažetak
Zakon o socijalnoj zaštiti Republike Srbije je donesen 2011.godine i sadrži rešenja koja su rezultat reformskih procesa u ovoj oblasti. Ovim Zakonom se nastojalo obezbediti minimum materijalne sigurnosti pojedinaca i porodica, dostupnost usluga iz oblasti socijalne pomoći, garantovati jednake uslove za samostalni život svakog pojedinca, nadograđivati i usavršavati porodične odnose, kao i preduprediti neželjene pojave kao što su zlostavljanje, zanemarivanje i eksploatacija ljudi. Međutim, uprkos reformskim intencijama i postignutim rezultatima u ovoj oblasti, tokom sedmogodišnje primene ovog zakona, uočene su brojne mane i nedostaci, te se ukazala potreba za donošenjem Zakona o izmenama i dopunama zakona o socijalnoj zaštiti. Kako je aktuelno pitanje izmena i dopune pozitivnog Zakona o socijalnoj zaštiti, analizirane su mere koje su predmetnim izmenama i sopunama predložene, uz osvrt na pozitivna zakonska rešenja, kao i potencijalne efekte koji bi se mogli ostvariti usvajanjem predloženih izmena. Sve promene idu ka tome da se socijalna zaštita u Republici Srbiji podigne na viši nivo, da se položaj korisnika dovede na adekvatno mesto, uz uvažavanje njegove ličnosti i njegovog integriteta. Sa druge strane, jedna od velikih novina svakako predstavlja radna aktivacija korisnika socijalne pomoći, što u praksi znači da će svaki korisnik biti radno angažovan skladno svojim mogućnostima i radnoj sposobnosti. Ova novina nije u antagonizmu sa osnovnim ciljem socijalne zaštite, a to je materijalna podrška i pružanje usluge socijalne zaštite, jer se radnim angažovanjem korisnika socijalne pomoći samo podstiče njihov radni kapacitet i vrši radno i stručno osposobljavanje, što in vodi ka integraciji u društvo kao ravnopravnih članova zajednice. Tako da, iako osporavana, ova novina ne može biti štetna po korisnike, jer im daje višestruke mogućnosti, što kroz radno osposobljavanje, što kroz socijalnu integraciju.
Abstract
The Law on Social Protection of the Republic of Serbia was adopted in 2011 and contains solutions resulting from the reform processes in this field. This Act sought to ensure: the minimum material security of individuals and families, the availability of social assistance services, to guarantee equal conditions for the individual's individual life, to upgrade and improve family relationships, as well as to prevent unwanted occurrences such as: abuse, neglect and exploitation of people. However, despite the reform intentions and the achieved results in this area, during seven years of application of this law, numerous defects and shortcomings were noted, and there was a need for the adoption of the Law on Amendments to the Law on Social Protection. Since the issue of amending the positive Law on Social Protection is actual issue, the measures that were proposed by the respective amendments and proposals were analyzed, with a review of positive legal solutions, as well as the potential effects that could be achieved by adopting the proposed changes. All changes are aimed at the social protection in the Republic of Serbia is raised to a higher level, in order to bring the position of the user to an adequate level, respecting his personality and integrity. On the other hand, one of the major novelties is certainly social activation of social assistance beneficiaries, which in practice means that each user will be engaged in work according to his abilities and ability to work. This novelty is not in an antagonism with the basic goal of social protection, that is material support and the provision of social care services, because the working engagement of social welfare beneficiaries only stimulates their working capacity and performs vocational and professional training, that leads to integration into society as equal community members. So, although disputed, this novelty cannot be harmful to the users, because it gives them multiple opportunities, through job training, through social integration.
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