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2021, br. 9, str. 286-299
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Obrazovanje konzervatora-restauratora na akademijama i fakultetima umetnosti
Education of conservators-restorers at academies and faculties of art
aUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Akademija umetnosti + Galerija Matice srpske, Novi Sad
bUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Akademija umetnosti + Republički zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture, Beograd
Sažetak
Kulturna dobra se evidentiraju, valorizuju, obrađuju, čuvaju, konzerviraju i restauriraju zbog umetničkih, kulturno-istorijskih i dokumentarnih vrednosti koje su im pripisane. Pored ovih, imaju i druge vrednosti i funkcije koje se moraju uzeti u obzir. Na primer, religijska vrednost predmeta kulta, emotivna vrednost određenog predmeta u ličnom vlasništvu, materijalna vrednost, i druge. Širok spektar materijala i umetničkih tehnika uslovljava specifična znanja koja moraju posedovati stručnjaci u oblasti konzervacije i restauracije. Predmet interesovanja u ovom tekstu je obrazovanje u oblasti konzervacije i restauracije dela likovnih i primenjenih umetnosti. Kako se u savremenom svetu obrazuju oni koji će se baviti konzervacijom i restauracijom ovakvih vrednosti? Koja znanja i veštine su im potrebne i kakvi modeli obuke postoje? Da li se među konzervatorima različitih specijalizacija izdvajaju konzervatori umetničkih dela? Kakva je tradicija konzervatorskog obrazovanja u Srbiji? Kako akademije i fakulteti umetnosti mogu biti mesta kvalitetnog obrazovanja konzervatora-restauratora? Tekst analizira različite evropske modele konzervatorskog obrazovanja, kao i promene koje su nastale sa pomeranjem konzervacije od zanatske delatnosti ka definisanoj struci za koju se zahteva visoko obrazovanje. Takođe, raspravlja se kako su takve promene, kroz reforme univerzitetskog obrazovanja, uticale na stepen veština i znanja potrebnih konzervatorima, kao i da li su ove promene dovele do priznavanja konzervacije i restauracije kulturne baštine kao nauke. Među različitim mogućnostima obrazovanja konzervatora na visokoškolskim ustanovama u Srbiji, kao studija slučaja analizira se master studijski program Konzervacija i restauracija dela likovnih i primenjenih umetnosti Akademije umetnosti u Novom Sadu.
Abstract
Cultural goods are recorded, valorised, processed, preserved, conserved and restored because of the artistic, cultural-historical and documentary values attributed to them. In addition to these, they have other values and functions that must be taken into account. For example, the religious value of a cult object, the emotional value of a certain object in personal ownership, material value and others. A wide range of materials and artistic techniques requires specific knowledge that must be possessed by experts in the field of conservation and restoration. The subject of interest in this paper is education in the field of conservation and restoration of works of fine and applied arts. How are those who will deal with conservation and restoration of such values educated in the modern world? What knowledge and skills do they need and what training models are there? Do conservators of works of art stand out among conservators of different specialisations? What is the tradition of conservation education in Serbia? How can academies and faculties of art be places of quality education for conservators-restorers? The paper analyses different European models of conservation education, as well as the changes that have occurred with the shift of conservation as a craft to a defined profession which requires higher education. It is also discussed how such changes, through university education reforms, have affected the level of skills and knowledge conservators need, as well as whether these changes have led to the recognition of conservation and restoration of cultural heritage as a science. Among the various possibilities for the education of conservators at higher education institutions in Serbia, master academic studies in Conservation and Restoration of Works of Fine and Applied Arts at the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad is analysed as a case study.
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