2016, vol. 54, br. 4-6, str. 612-621
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Suzbijanje korupcije u poslovanju prema kaznenim odredbama Zakona o privrednim društvima
Fight against corruption in economic fields under the penal provisions the Law of Companies
Institut za uporedno pravo, Beograd, Srbija
Sažetak
Sveobuhvatne aktivnosti na sprečavanju korupcije odnose se i na korupciju u odnosima između privrednih subjekata, koja je nedovoljno istražena i teško se otkriva. Anti-koruptivni karakter imaju odredbe članova 582. i 583. Zakona o privrednim društvima Republike Srbije kojima su propisana krivična dela povreda dužnosti prijavljivanja i izbegavanja sukoba interesa. Autor analizira te odredbe i ukazuje na nedostatke zbog kojih se ne mogu delotvorno primeniti u praksi. U radu se ispituje odnos tih krivičnih dela i zloupotrebe položaja odgovornog lica i odavanja poslovne tajne, koji su propisani Krivičnim zakonikom. Autor upozorava da će izmene krivičnog zakonodavstva učiniti nepotrebnim primenu kaznenih odredbi Zakona o privrednim društvima. Zbog toga predlaže da se povrede dužnosti prijavljivanja i izbegavanja sukoba interesa, ako ne dovode do teških posledica, predvide kao prekršaji, uz novčanu kaznu i obaveznu meru zabrane vršenja delatnosti. Takve odredbe, uz krivičnopravnu regulativu koja bi se odnosila i na pravna lica i uz doslednu primenu postojećih mehanizama za naknadu štete ili poništavanja zaključenog pravnog posla činile bi delotvoran osnov za sprečavanje korupcije u poslovanju.
Abstract
Comprehensive activities on prevention of corruption including the prevention of corruption in economy are unexplored and difficult to detect. Anti-corruption character have sec. 582 and 583 of the Law of Companies of the Republic of Serbia, which are prescribed as criminal offenses: breach of duty to disclose any personal interest in a proposed or existing transaction or arrangement with the company and duty to avoid conflict of interest. The author analyzes these offenses, and notes the lack of provisions which cannot have effective application in practice. The paper examines the relationship between these offenses in the Law of Companies and offenses which are prescribed by the Criminal Code. The author believes that the expected changes in criminal legislation are going to make application of the penal provisions of the Law of Companies unnecessary. Therefore, the author suggests that the breach of the fiduciary duty concerning the avoidance of conflict of interest, if does not lead to serious consequences, should be prescribed as misdemeanor (sanctioned by fine and mandatory prohibition of economic activity). Such provisions, in addition to criminal legislation, which would apply to legal persons, and with the consistent implementation of existing mechanisms for compensation or annulment of the contract, would make an effective basis for the prevention of corruption in economic field.
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