Demographic processes and human security are essential phenomena in the current social constellation of every state. Contemporary demographic situation is a repercussion of complex interactions resulting from interplay of basic postulates of the natural environment and socio-economic trends. Discrepancies in the overall demographic development of respective territorial wholes initiate numerous security controversies, at the local and national levels. The number and the structure of population depend on many circumstances resulting in a decline of the birth rate, an increase in mortality, i.e. negative population growth. For a long time already, need for food and its production is one of basic factors affecting the human population. Demographic problems coinciding with problems of population nourishment represent contemporary dangers of the human society. The concept of human security, as a modern approach to resolving the current planetary discrepancies, includes all relevant subjects of the society at the local, national and global levels. Postmodern challenges, risks and threats first and foremost endanger the human population, namely the lives and health of the population, which are the fundamental postulates of their existence. The above-mentioned controversies belong to the first-rate areas of the involvement of relevant subjects in the contemporary international constellation, where the analysis of these samples points to the necessity of adopting a national demographic strategy.