2019, vol. 47, br. 6, str. 475-489
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Sredstva za zaštitu vrežastog povrća
Plant protection products in cucurbits vegetable
Projekat: Razvoj integrisanih sistema upravljanja štetnim organizmima u biljnoj proizvodnji sa ciljem prevazilaženja rezistentnosti i unapređenja kvaliteta i bezbednosti hrane (MPNTR - 46008)
Keywords: cucurbits vegetable; diseases; pests; plant production products
Sažetak
Ekonomski najznačajnije bolesti koje se javljaju na vrežastom povrću su plamenjača krastavca (prouzrokovač Pseudoperonospora cubensis), pepelnica (prouzrokovač Erysiphe cichoracearum), antraknoza lubenice i dinje (Colletotrichum lagenarium), poleganje rasada (Pythium sp.) i siva trulež (prouzrokovač Botrytis cinerea). Ukupan broj fungicida registrovanih za suzbijanje P. cubensis je 19, na bazi 10 aktivnih supstanci. Za suzbijanje E. cichoracearum registrovano je samo 4 preparata, na bazi 5 aktivnih supstanci, a za suzbijanje B. cinerea registrovano je 2 preparata, na bazi 3 aktivne supstance, dok je za ostale vrežaste biljke (lubenicu, dinju i tikvicu), ukupno registrovano 5 fungicida, na bazi 7 aktivnih supstanci. Lisne vaši (Aphididae), bela leptirasta vaš (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), tripsi (Thrips sp.) i grinje (Acarinae) predstavljaju značajne štetočine u proizvodnji vrežastih useva, kako na otvorenom tako i u zaštićenom prostoru. Ukupan broj insekticida i akaricida registrovanih kod nas u suzbijanju štetočina u vrežastom povrću je 18 preparata, na bazi 14 aktivnih supstanci. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se za pomenute, ekonomski najznačajnije patogene (prouzrokovače plamenjače, pepelnice, sive truleži, antraknoze, poleganje rasada) i štetočine (lisne vaši, tripse, grinje) vrežastog povrća, prikažu registrovana sredstva za zastitu bilja za njihovo suzbijanje, kao i osnovne mere antirezistentne strategije, s obzirom da većina fungicida i insekticida koji se koriste za njihovo suzbijanje, pripadaju grupama sa visokim rizikom od nastanka rezistentnosti.
Abstract
The economically most important diseases that occur in cucurbits vegetable are downy mildew cause by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum, anthracnose of watermelon and melon caused by Colletotrichum lagenarium, Pythium sp. and gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. The total number of fungicides registered for the suppression of P. cubensis is 19, based on 10 active substances. For the control of E. cichoracearum, only 4 preparations are registered, based on 5 active substances, and for the B. cinerea only 2 preparations based on 3 active substances, while for the other cucurbits (watermelon, melon, and squash), a total of 5 fungicides have been registered, based on 7 active substances. Aphids (Aphididae), Greenhouse whitefl y (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), thrips (Thrips sp.) and mites (Acarinae) represent signifi cant pests in the production of cucurbits, outdoors as well as in the greenhouses. The total number of insecticides and acaricides registered in our country for pest control in cucurbits is 18 preparations, based on 14 active substances. The aim of this paper was to present registered plant protection products for the aforementioned, economically most important pathogens such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, anthracnose, gray mold, dumping off and pests like (leaf aphids, trips, mites) on the cucurbits as well as the basic anti-resistance strategy measures since most fungicides and insecticides used for controlling belong to high-risk groups.
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