|
Epidemiološke karakteristike salmoneloza u pirotskom okrugu od 2000. do 2015. godine
Epidemiological characteristics of salmonellosis in Pirot district from 2000 to 2015
Sažetak
Sva oboljenja izazvana salmonelama se nazivaju salmoneloze. Prikazane su epidemiološke karakteristike salmoneloza kod ljudi u pirotskom okrugu od 2000. do 2015. godine. Materijal su podaci dobijeni epidemiološkom anketom na terenu. Obrađene su 434 ankete ‒ 50,23% ispitanika je bilo muškog, a 49,77% ženskog pola uzrasta 0-87 godina. Sa navršenih 18 godina je 52,07% ispitanika, što govori o socijalnomedicinskom značaju salmoneloza. Od ukupnog broja, 30,42% bila su predškolska deca, 22,35% učenici i studenti, 45,62% odrasle osobe raznih zanimanja sa srednjom školom, i 1,61% ispitanika sa visokom stručnom spremom. Roditelji predškolske dece, učenika i studenata (ukupno 229) sa nižom ili srednjom školskom spremom činili su 92,58%, a 7,42% roditelja bilo je sa višom ili visokom stručnom spremom. Od 434 anketirana, 88,94% živi u opštini Pirot, 4,84% u opštini Babušnica, 4,15% u opštini Bela Palanka i 2,07% u opštini Dimitrovgrad. Od 434 anketirana, 30,88% je bilo bolnički lečeno, a 69,12% kućno. Od onih koji su bili na bolničkom lečenju, 42,54% su uzrasta 0-18 godina, 44,03% 19-65, i 13,43% preko 65 godina. Salmonella enteritidis je izolovan kod 90,56%, salmonella typhimurium kod 3,45% i sve ostale salmonele kod 5,99% obolelih. Izvor zaraze je bio čovek u 5,29% slčajeva, životinja u 13,15%, a izvor zaraze se nije mogao utvrditi u 81,56%. Što se tiče životinja kao izvora zaraze (ukupno 57 anketa), kod 61,41% je utvrđeno da je to bila živina, kod 21,05% stoka i domaći ljubimci, a kod 17,54% to su bili miševi. Dominantni put prenošenja je hrana ‒ kod 55,07% anketiranih. Najčešće su to jaja u 47,28%, zatim mleko u 3,36%, meso u 23,01%, neoprano povrće i peciva u 3,76%, dok u 22,59% slučajeva nije utvrđeno koja hrana je poslužila kao put prenošenja. Kao mesto gde je došlo do trovanja hranom (ukupno 239), u 53,56% slučajeva navodi se da je to bilo u kući, 44,76% van kuće, a u 1,68% slučajeva nije se moglo sa sigurnošću utvrditi mesto trovanja hranom. Na drugom mestu put prenošenja je kontakt ‒ 32,49%, a kod 12,44% anketiranih nije sa sigurnošću utvrđen put prenošenja. U posmatranom periodu u pirotskom okrugu je bilo prijavljeno 30 epidemija salmoneloza. Najviše u 2006. godini - 5. Od 434 ankete, uz 52,07% anketa pripojeni su izveštaji o kontrolnim koprokulturama na salmonele do obeskličenja u periodu manjem od 6 meseci, a kod 1,61% da je lučenje salmonela bilo u dužem vremenskom periodu. Zdravstvenim pregledima, kod 2,07% otkriveno je da izlučuju salmonele, a da nisu imali nikavih simptoma kada su se javili na redovni zdravstveni pregled.
Abstract
All illnesses caused by salmonella called salmonellosis. Displayed epidemiological characteristics of salmonellosis in humans in district of Pirot from 2000 to 2015. Material information collected epidemiological survey in the field. Processed 434 polls, 50.23% were male and 49.77% female aged from 0 - 87 years. By the age of 18 years is 52.07%, reflecting the sociomedical significance of salmonellosis. Of the total, 30.42% of the preschool children, 22.35% are pupils and students, 45.62% are adults of various professions with medium and 1.61% with a university degree. Of the total, 30.42% of the preschool children, 22.35% are pupils and students, 45.62% are adults of various professions with secondary and 1.61% with a university degree. Parents of preschool children, pupils and students (total of 229) were 92.58% with a lower or secondary, and 7.42% with college or university degrees. Of the 434 surveyed, 88.94% live in the municipality of Pirot, 4.84% in the municipality of Babušnica, 4.15% in the municipality of Bela Palanka and 2.07% in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad. Of the 434 surveyed, 30.88% were hospitalized, and 69.12% home. Of those who were hospitalized, 42.54% were aged 0 - 18, 44,03% of 19 - 65, and 13.43% over 65 years. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from 90.56%, salmonella typhimurium at 3.45% and all other salmonella in 5.99% of patients. The source of infection was a man in a 5.29%, 13.15% was animals, and the source of infection could not be determined at 81.56%. As for the animals as a source of infection (a total of 57), while 61.41% was determined that it was poultry, with the 21,05% livestock and domestic pets, and with 17.54% that they were mice. The predominant route of transmission is the food that was found in 55.07% of the respondents. The most common eggs 47,28%, followed by milk 3.36%, meat in 23.01%, unwashed vegetables and rolls in 3.76% and 22.59% of the cases has not been established that the food is served as a route of transmission. As a place where there was food poisoning (total of 239), 53.56% stated in the house, 44,76% out of the house, and in 1.68% of cases was not possible to determine with certainty the place of food poisoning. In the second route of transmission is contact with the 32.49% and 12.44% were not determined with certainty route of transmission. In the reporting period in district of Pirot has been declared an epidemic of salmonellosis 30. Most in 2006 - the fifth. Of the 434 surveys, with 52.07% of the survey were annexed reports on the control of salmonella in the coprocultures to negative result a period of less than 6 months, and at 1.61% to the secretion of salmonella either a longer period of time. The performance of health checks, at 2.07% was found to excrete salmonella, and that they had absolutely no symptoms when they answer a regular medical examination.
|