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2023, vol. 38, br. 1, str. 33-39
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Osetljivost vrsta roda Cuscuta i njihovih domaćina na etarsko ulje mirođije Anethum graveolens
Sensitivity of Cuscuta species and their hosts to Anethum graveolens essential oil
Projekat: Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredine, Beograd) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200214)
Sažetak
Cilj ovog rada je bio da se in vitro ispita herbicidni uticaj etarskog ulja mirođije (Anethum graveolens) na klijanje i rani porast klijanaca dve parazitne cvetnice iz roda Cuscuta (Cuscuta campestris i Cuscuta epithymum), kao i fitotoksični uticaj na klijanje semena i rani porast klijanaca semena domaćina (lucerka i crvena detelina). Hemijskom analizom etarskog ulja izolovanog iz listova i cvetova mirođije je dobijeno da su karvon (51.69%) i limonen (39.88%) dominantne komponente. Rezultati biotesta sa semenima su pokazali inhibitorni uticaj etarskog ulja izolovanog iz listova mirođije pri različitim koncentracijama na klijavost i rani porast klijanaca obe vrste roda Cuscuta. Naime, inhibicija klijanja semena C. campestris se kretala od 67% do 94%, dok je kod semena C. epithymum inhibicija bila od 67% do 100%. Sličan inhibitorni uticaj je zabeležen i za parametar dužina klijanaca. Pored ovoga, u rezultatima biotesta su zabeleženi značajni fitotoksični efekti etarskog ulja mirođije na klijanje semena i rani porast klijanaca domaćina. Crvena detelina se pokazala kao osetljivija, jer je i pri najnižoj koncentarciji inhibicija klijanja bila 35%, a pri višim se kretala od 70% do 100%. Nasuprot ovome inhibicija klijanja semena lucerke pri nižim koncentracijama je bila 5%, dok je na višim koncentracijama zabeležena veća inhibicija (36-100%). Buduća istraživanja moraju obuhvatiti oglede u saksijama, kao i poljske mikrooglede da bi se utvrdili herbicidni, odnosno fitotoksični efekti etarskog ulja mirođije na testirane parazitne cvetnice i gajene vrste.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine in vitro the herbicidal effect of an essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens) on germination and early seedling growth of two parasitic flowering plants in the genus Cuscuta (Cuscuta campestris and C. epithymum), as well as its phytotoxic impact on germination and early seedling growth of two host plants (alfalfa and red clover). Chemical analysis of the essential oil extracted from dill leaves and flowers showed that carvone (51.69%) and limonene (39.88%) predominated. The results of a seed bioassay showed inhibitory effects of different concentrations (1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% v v-1) of the essential oil of dill leaves on germination and early seedling growth of both tested species of the genus Cuscuta. Germination of C. campestris seeds was inhibited between 67% and 94%, while seed germination of C. epithymum was inhibited between 67% and 100%. A similar inhibitory effect was observed regarding the seedling length parameter. Moreover, the bioassay results indicated significant phytotoxic effects of dill essential oil on the seed germination and early seedling growth of host plants. Red clover proved more sensitive as even the lowest concentration inhibited germination by 35%, while higher concentrations caused 70-100% inhibition. On the other hand, lower concentations inhibited germination of alfalfa seeds by 5%, while higher concentrations caused greater inhibition (36-100%). Future research should include both pot experiments and field micro-trials to determine herbicidal, i.e. phytotoxic, effects of dill essential oil on parasitic flowering plants and cultivated species.
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