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2021, vol. 93, br. 1, str. 5-42
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Angažovanje i postupanje prikrivenog islednika - etički izazovi pravnih rešenja
The employment and conduct of undercover agents: Ethical challenges of legal solutions
Sažetak
Iskušenje dokazivanju krivičnih dela 21. veka umnogome predstavlja konstantno napredovanje i usavršavanje metoda i načina delovanja izvršilaca, što je posebno karakteristično za najteže oblike kriminaliteta koji ugrožavaju bezbednost države, a i svih njenih građana. Stoga se javlja i potreba za specifičnim načinima delovanja države kako u prevenciji ovih krivičnih dela, tako i u njihovoj represiji. Njima je obuhvaćeno korišćenje posebnih dokaznih radnji predviđenih zakonom, a kao najkompleksnija od istih u srpskom zakonodavstvu prisutna je radnja angažovanja prikrivenog islednika. Ključna odlika postupanja prikrivenog islednika sadržana je u okviru čl. 185. St. 4. ZKP RS, a podrazumeva da je zabranjeno i kažnjivo da prikriveni islednik podstrekava na izvršenje krivičnog dela. Ipak, druga zakonodavstva, kakvo je zakonodavstvo SAD-a, poznaju i institut agenta provokatora. Pitanje koje se nameće odnosi se na etičnost, ali i efikasnost različitih zakonskih rešenja, a cilj istraživanja jeste svojevrsno naučno objašnjenje odnosa jednog i drugog zakonskog rešenja prema etičnosti uopšte, ali i prema brojnim pravnim institutima koji mogu doći u opasnost pri provokaciji na izvršenje krivičnog dela. Pri sprovođenju ovog istraživanja je, pored analitičko-sintetičkih i induktivno-deduktivnih metoda, važno mesto zauzimao i statistički metod jer je za sprovođenje istraživanja korišćen kratak anketni upitnik primenjen na ispitanom telu od 82 nasumična ispitanika.
Abstract
The challenge of proving the crimes of the 21st century lies largely with the constant progress and improvement of the methods and ways of action of the perpetrators, which is especially characteristic of the most serious forms of crime that threaten the security of the state and all its citizens. Therefore, there is a need for specific state action both in the prevention of these crimes and in their suppression. This includes the use of special evidentiary actions provided by law. As the most complex one, Serbian legislation provides for the action of employing an undercover agent. The key feature of the undercover agent's actions is contained in Art. 185, para. 4 of the Criminal Procedure Code, which prescribes that it is prohibited and punishable for an undercover agent to incite the commission of a criminal offense. However, other legislatures, such as the U.S. one, are familiar with the institute of the agent provocateur. The question that arises is related to ethics, but also the efficiency of various legal solutions, and the aim of this research is a type of scientific explanation of the relationship of both legal solutions with ethics in general, but also with numerous legal institutes that may be in danger in case of provocation. In conducting this research, in addition to analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive methods, the statistical method also had an important role, as a short survey was conducted with 82 random respondents.
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