2018, vol. 46, iss. 5, pp. 563-569
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Population structure of rot causing agents on stored apple fruits
Struktura populacije prouzrokovača truleži uskladištenih plodova jabuke
Project: Development of integrated management of harmful organisms in plant production in order to overcome resistance and to improve food quality and safety (MESTD - 46008)
Abstract
Apple is one of most important and commonly cultivated fruits. Today in Republic of Serbia there is a large number of modern apple plantations. After harvest apple fruits are stored in cold storages for a long period of time. During the storage period various rot agents can infect apple fruits, and in most cases the rot is caused by phytopathogenic fungi. Storing apple method in cold storages with controlled atmosphere and ultra low oxygen (ULO) reduces the percentage of rot, but it also changes the structure of pathogen population. In Serbia, treatments against apple fruit rot are conducted 3 to 14 days prior to harvest, and there are no registered chemical preparations for fruit treatment in postaharvest period. In this paper, population structure of apple fruit rot causal agents in ULO storages at different locations (Tavankut, Jazak, Mala Remeta, Titel and Kukujevci) was investigated. After sample examination from ULO storages at five locations, the following genera of phytopathogenic fungi were detected: Penicillium, Botrytis, Alternaria Fusarium, Neofabrea, Mucor, Monilinia. The most commonly isolated species belong to the genera Penicillium and Neofabrea.
Sažetak
Jabuka je jedna od najznačajnijih i najčešće gajenih kultura na svetu. Danas se u Republici Srbiji u velikom broju zasnivaju moderni zasadi jabuke. Nakon branja jabuka se čuva u hladnjačama duži vremenski period. U toku čuvanja jabuku mogu parazitirati različiti prouzrokovači truleži, a u najvećem broju slučajeva trulež prouzrokuju fitopatogene gljive. Metodom čuvanja jabuka u hladnjačama sa kontrolisanom atmosferom i niskim sadržajem kiseonika (tzv. ULO hladnjačama) smanjuje se udeo truleži, ali se može promeniti struktura populacije patogena. U našoj zemlji tretmani protiv truleži plodova jabuke se izvode 3 do 14 dana pre berbe, a registrovanih hemijskih preparata za tretiranje plodova posle berbe nema. U radu je dat pregled zastupljenosti truleži plodova jabuke i strukture populacije patogena, prouzrokovača truleži, izolovanih iz uzorkovanih plodova iz ULO hladnjača na lokalitetima: Tavankut, Jazak, Mala Remeta, Titel i Kukujevci. Nakon ispitivanja uzoraka ustanovljeni su sledeći rodovi fitopatogenih gljiva kao prouzrokovača truleži uskladištenih plodova jabuke: Penicillium, Botrytis, Alternaria, Fusarium, Neofabrea, Mucor, Monillinia. Najveću zastupljenost imali su rodovi Penicillium i Neofabrea.
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