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Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo
2022, vol. 59, br. 3, str. 56-63
Delovanje gena za prinos zrna i njegova povezanost sa komponentama prinosa u dijalelnom ukrštanju ozime pšenice
Jocković Bojana ORCID, Mirosavljević Milana ORCID, Aćin Vladimira ORCID, Ilin Sonjaa ORCID, Živančev Dragana ORCID, Banjac Borislavb, Dražić Tanjaa
aNaučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, Srbija
bUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija

e-adresa: bojan.jockovic@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs
Projekat:
Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200032)

Ključne reči: dijalelno ukrštanje; kombinaciona sposobnost; prinos zrna; pšenica
Sažetak
Opseg i tip delovanja gena u novim populacijama su glavni kriterijumi za odabir roditelja koji će stvoriti najbolje potomstvo nakon hibridizacije. Informacije o genetičkoj kontroli kompleksnih osobina su korisne za dalje stvaranje efikasnih oplemenjivačkih programa. U cilju identifikacije prirode delovanja gena na prinos zrna po biljci i njegovu korelaciju sa komponentama prinosa upotrebljeno je nepotpuno dijalelno ukrštanje. Ogled je izveden u jugoistočnoj Evropi na oglednom polju Poljoprivredne savetodavne službe tokom sezone 2012-2013. Prema srednjim vrednostima F1 generacije, ukrštanje Apache × Prima je imalo najveći prinos zrna po biljci, a Jackson × Balkan najmanji. Najčešći način nasleđivanja za prinos zrna po biljci bila je puna dominacija. ANOVA je pokazala da je ova osobina kontrolisana i aditivnim i neaditivnim efektima. Apache se pokazao kao generalno najbolji kombinator za prinos zrna po biljci, a kod dva ukrštanja (Dragana × Jackson; Balaton × Nevesinjka) je ustanovljena značajnost posebnih kombinacionih sposobnosti. Komponente genetičke varijanse su pokazale da je dominacija važnija od aditivne komponente, a ukupan broj dominantnih gena je veći od broja recesivnih kod svih roditelja. Ustanovljena je umereno niska vrednost (h2=31,96%) heritabilnosti u užem smislu za prinos zrna po biljci. Maksimalan broj dominantnih gena je utvrđen kod roditelja Sana, dok je Jackson imao maksimalan broj recesivnih gena. Na genotipskom nivou, prinos zrna po biljci bio je u značajnoj korelaciji sa brojem produktivnih vlati (rg=0,494). Rezultati ovih istraživanja bi mogli biti od koristi za stvaranje novih varijeteta pšenice sa visokim potencijalom za prinos.
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O članku

jezik rada: engleski
vrsta rada: izvorni naučni članak
DOI: 10.5937/ratpov59-39585
primljen: 10.08.2022.
prihvaćen: 18.08.2022.
objavljen u SCIndeksu: 24.12.2022.
metod recenzije: dvostruko anoniman
Creative Commons License 4.0

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