2022, vol. 17, br. 1, str. 41-44
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Razvoj srpske medicine u XIX veku
Development of Serbian medicine in the 19th century
aKlinički centar Kragujevac, Klinika za pulmologiju, Srbija bHealth Centre of Petrovac, Department for laboratory diagnostics, Petrovac cKlinički centar Kragujevac, Klinika za urologiju, nefrologiju i dijalizu, Srbija dUniverzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet medicinskih nauka, Katedra za socijalnu medicinu, uvod u medicinu i veštinu komunikacije sa pacijentom, Srbija
e-adresa: mocakg@mts.rs
Sažetak
Padom srednjovekovne srpske države pod tursku vlast, svaka kultura, i medicina izumire, a narod je pribegao narodnoj medicini i samoukim lekarima, empiričarima. Srbi su se počeli školovati u Beču i Pešti, a vec' početkom 18. veka u Novom Sadu je bilo srpskih lekara. U to vreme pojavljuju se prvi lekari sa diplomama u Srbiji, ali uglavnom kao lični lekari beogradskog paše, ili kneza Miloša, odnosno njegovog brata Jevrema u Šapcu. U četvrtoj deceniji 19. veka postavljeni su prvi vojni lekari, a novostvorene četiri komande vojnih okruga dobile su svoje lekare. Srpsko lekarsko društvo pokrenulo je prvi medicinski časopis "Srpski arhiv" 1874. Josif Pančic' piše prve udžbenike iz prirodnih nauka, a dr Ac'im Medovic' prvi udžbenik sudske medicine. Pre Prvog srpsko-turskog rata, civilna ambulanta je brojala 69 lekara, 10 lekarskih pomoc'nika, 26 farmaceuta i pet apotekarskih pomoc'nika, dok je vojna ambulanta imala 19 lekara, pet saniteta, jednog apotekara i četiri apotekarska pomoc'nika. Pokrenuto je zdravstvo i osnivanje Ministarstva zdravlja, te visokoškolske ustanove Medicinskog fakulteta u Beogradu. Vođeni zakletvom, stručnošc'u i iskustvom, tadašnji lekari su uložili značajan napor da unaprede i razviju medicinu u Srbiji u 19. veku.
Abstract
With the fall of the medieval Serbian state under Turkish rule, every culture, including medicine, died out, and the people resorted to folk medicine and self-taught doctors, i.e. empiricists. Serbs began to get educated in Vienna and Pest, and there were Serbian doctors in Novi Sad already at the beginning of the 18th century. At that time, the first doctors with diplomas appeared in Serbia, but mostly as personal doctors of the Belgrade pasha or Knez Miloš, i.e. his brother Jevrem in Šabac. In the fourth decade of the 19th century, the first military doctors set out, and the newly created four military district commands got their doctors. The Serbian Medical Association started the first medical journal, "Serbian Archives" in 1874. Josif Pancic is writing the first textbook in natural sciences, and Dr. Acim Medovic is writing the first textbook on forensic medicine. Before the First Serbian-Turkish War, the civilian ambulance numbered 69 doctors, 10 medical assistants, 26 pharmacists, and five pharmacy assistants, while the military ambulance had 19 doctors, five medical assistants, one pharmacist, and four pharmacy assistants. Health was initiated but also the establishment of the Ministry of Health and the higher education institution of the Medical Faculty in Belgrade. Guided by the oath, expertise, and experience, the doctors of that time made a significant effort to improve and develop medicine in Serbia in the 19th century.
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